We present Authenticated Multiuser Quantum Direct Communication(MQDC) protocols using entanglement swapping. Quantum direct communication is believed to be a safe way to send a secret message without quantum key distribution. The authentication process in our protocol allows only proper users to participate in communication. In the communication stage after the authentication, any two authorized users among n users can communicate each other even though there is no quantum communication channels between them. For this protocol, we need only n quantum communication channels between the authenticator and n users. It is similar to the present telephone system in which there are n communication channels between telephone company and users and any two designated users can communicate each other using telephone line through the telephone company. The securities of our protocols are analysed to be the same as those of other quantum key distribution protocols.
We present Authenticated Multiuser Quantum Direct Communication(MQDC) protocols using entanglement swapping. Quantum direct communication is believed to be a safe way to send a secret message without quantum key distribution. The authentication process in our protocol allows only proper users to participate in communication. In the communication stage after the authentication, any two authorized users among n users can communicate each other even though there is no quantum communication channels between them. For this protocol, we need only n quantum communication channels between the authenticator and n users. It is similar to the present telephone system in which there are n communication channels between telephone company and users and any two designated users can communicate each other using telephone line through the telephone company. The securities of our protocols are analysed to be the same as those of other quantum key distribution protocols.
In this paper, we first point out that some recently proposed quantum direct communication (QDC) protocols with authentication are vulnerable under some specific attacks, and the secrete message will leak out to the authenticator who is introduced to authenticate users participating in the communication. We then propose a new protocol that is capable of achieving secure QDC with authentication as long as the authenticator would do the authentication job faithfully. Our quantum protocol introduces a mutual authentication procedure, uses the quantum Bell states, and applies unitary transformations in the authentication process. Then it exploits and utilizes the entanglement swapping and local unitary operations in the communication processes. Thus, after the authentication process, the client users are left alone to communicate with each other, and the authenticator has no access to the secrete message. In addition, our protocol does not require a direct quantum link between any two users, who want to communicate with each other. This may also be an appealing advantage in the implementation of a practical quantum communication network.
In this paper, we first point out that some recently proposed quantum direct communication (QDC) protocols with authentication are vulnerable under some specific attacks, and the secrete message will leak out to the authenticator who is introduced to authenticate users participating in the communication. We then propose a new protocol that is capable of achieving secure QDC with authentication as long as the authenticator would do the authentication job faithfully. Our quantum protocol introduces a mutual authentication procedure, uses the quantum Bell states, and applies unitary transformations in the authentication process. Then it exploits and utilizes the entanglement swapping and local unitary operations in the communication processes. Thus, after the authentication process, the client users are left alone to communicate with each other, and the authenticator has no access to the secrete message. In addition, our protocol does not require a direct quantum link between any two users, who want to communicate with each other. This may also be an appealing advantage in the implementation of a practical quantum communication network.
First, a mutually authenticated quantum direct communication (QDC) protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed in this paper. The protocol includes two phases, the first one for mutual identity authentication and the next for direct communication. Users Alice and Bob can identify each other by checking the correlation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. According to basic properties of entanglement swapping, Bob just does exclusive-or operations on Alice's public bits and his measurement results to extract Alice's secret message in the direct communication phase. The authentication phase is proved to be secure, and there is no qubits transmission in the direct communication phase, so the protocol is completely secure. Furthermore, the presented QDC protocol is converted to a bidirectional one without information leakage unlike most bidirectional QDC protocols.
In this study, a protocol for secure quantum dialogue using entanglement swapping was proposed. The protocol employs two independent communication channels, a classical channel and a quantum channel. In this scheme, the legitimate communicators Alice and Bob can pass the authentication by the classical trusted channel. Afterwards, a quantum channel sequence is provided for them, on which Alice and Bob can communicate with each other directly and privately by virtue of some encoding operations. The first advantage of our protocol is that different from the previews protocols, in the proposed protocol, the server of the quantum channel, Charlie, is not necessarily trusted. The other highlight of our protocol is that in the presented scheme, one party is able to first read the message received from the other party before sending another message back in reply.
Key words: Quantum secure direct communication, entanglement swapping, quantum dialogue.
Unconditional security in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) relies on authenticating the identities of users involved in key distribution. While classical identity authentication schemes were initially utilized in QKD implementations, concerns regarding their vulnerability have prompted the exploration of Quantum Identity Authentication (QIA) protocols. In this study, we introduce a new protocol for QIA, derived from the concept of controlled secure direct quantum communication. Our proposed scheme facilitates simultaneous authentication between two users, Alice and Bob, leveraging Bell states with the assistance of a third party, Charlie. Through rigorous security analysis, we demonstrate that the proposed protocol withstands various known attacks, including impersonation, intercept and resend and impersonated fraudulent attacks. Additionally, we establish the relevance of the proposed protocol by comparing it with the existing protocols of similar type.
In this paper, an authenticated deterministic secure quantum communication protocol based on entanglement swapping is presented. The users' identity will be authenticated, and only legitimate users can anticipate the communication even though there are no quantum communication channels between them. The authentication center acts as the server of modern application system, and the users is like those clients linked with the server, then the users communicate with each other through the authentication center. The security of our protocol is analyzed to be secure against the eavesdropping attacks and the impersonation attack.