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arXiv:quant-ph/0311174 · Physical Review A

Two-wire guides and traps with vertical bias fields on atom chips

K. Brugger, P. Krüger, Xiaojia Luo, Stephan Wildermuth, H. Gimpel, Martin Klein, S. Groth, R. Folman, I. Bar‐Joseph, Jörg Schmiedmayer

Published Aug 10, 2005• 8 citations
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Abstract

We present atom chip traps and guides created by a combination of two current-carrying wires and a bias field pointing perpendicular to the chip surface. These elements can be arranged in any orientation on the chip surface. We study loading schemes for the traps and present a detailed study of the guiding of thermal atomic clouds in an omnidirectional matter waveguide along a $25\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{mm}$-long curved path at various atom-surface distances $(35--450\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m})$. An extension of the scheme for the guiding of Bose-Einstein condensates is outlined. Such a concept enables utilizing the full two-dimensional surface of the chip.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.72.023607

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We present atom chip traps and guides created by a combination of two current-carrying wires and a bias field pointing perpendicular to the chip surface. These elements can be arranged in any orientation on the chip surface. We study loading schemes for the traps and present a detailed study of the guiding of thermal atomic clouds in an omnidirectional matter waveguide along a 25\ensuremath-mm25\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{mm}25\ensuremath-mm-long curved path at various atom-surface distances (35−−450\ensuremathμm)(35--450\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m})(35−−450\ensuremathμm). An extension of the scheme for the guiding of Bose-Einstein condensates is outlined. Such a concept enables utilizing the full two-dimensional surface of the chip.
We demonstrate the guiding of neutral atoms with two parallel microfabricated current-carrying wires on the atom chip and a vertical magnetic bias field. The atoms are guided along a magnetic field minimum parallel to the current-carrying wires and confined in the other two directions. We describe in detail how the precooled atoms are efficiently loaded into the two-wire guide. We present a detailed experimental study of the motional properties of the atoms in the guide and the relationship between the location of the guide and the vertical bias field. This two-wire guide with vertical bias field can be used to realize large area atom interferometer.
We demonstrate efficient loading of neutral atoms into a magnetic waveguide produced by the magnetic fields of microfabricated current-carrying conductors. The lithographically patterned conductors on this ``atom chip'' can be used to make a variety of guiding and trapping structures for manipulating cold atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates. A three-chamber vacuum apparatus collects atoms in a magneto-optical trap, precools them via evaporative cooling, and delivers them to the final chamber containing the atom chip. We describe in detail how the precooled atomic cloud is transferred from a macroscopic magnetic Ioffe-Pritchard trap to the microscopic magnetic waveguide on the atom chip 21cm21\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{cm}21cm away. Permanent magnets provide a confining two-dimensional quadrupole field to guide the atoms between the two chambers while longitudinally the cloud is allowed to freely expand during the transfer. Strategically placed coils are used to control the longitudinal size and speed of the atomic cloud as it is loaded on the atom chip.
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We propose two kinds of wire configurations fabricated on an atom chip surface for creating two-dimensional (2D) adiabatic rf guide with an inhomogeneous rf magnetic field and a homogenous dc magnetic field. The guiding state can be selected by changing the detuning between the frequency of rf magnetic field and the resonance frequency of two Zeeman sublevels. We also discuss the optimization of loading efficiency and the trap depth and how to decide proper construction when designing an rf atom chip.
In this paper, we have developed a combined magnetic field system to explore an alternative technical route for the generation of Bose–Einstein condensates containing numerous atoms on an atom chip. The system is characterized by the fact that the quadrupole magnetic field required by the magneto-optic trap is generated by U-shaped current-carrying wires combined with bias magnetic fields, whereas the quadrupole magnetic field adopted for the magnetic trap is generated by anti-Helmholtz coils. By fine-tuning the bias magnetic fields, the collection of atoms in the mirror MOT and the loading of the quadrupole magnetic trap can be optimized. The initial number of [Formula: see text]Rb atoms in the magnetic trap is approximately [Formula: see text], and the lifetime of the atoms is over 30 s. This scheme can facilitate the chip-surface design and is suitable for the precise manipulation of Bose–Einstein condensates near the chip surface.