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arXiv:quant-ph/0303032 · Physical Review A

Multiple-photon resolving fiber-loop detector

Jaroslav Řeháček, Z. Hradil, Ondřej Haderka, Jan Peřina, Martin Hamar

Published Jun 30, 2003• 146 citations
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Abstract

We show first reconstructions of the photon-number distribution obtained with a multichannel fiber-loop detector. Apart from analyzing the statistics of light pulses this device can serve as a sophisticated postselection device for experiments in quantum optics and quantum information. We quantify its efficiency by means of the Fisher information and compare it to the efficiency of the ideal photodetector.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.67.061801

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We show first reconstructions of the photon-number distribution obtained with a multichannel fiber-loop detector. Apart from analyzing the statistics of light pulses this device can serve as a sophisticated postselection device for experiments in quantum optics and quantum information. We quantify its efficiency by means of the Fisher information and compare it to the efficiency of the ideal photodetector.
We propose a design for a photon-counting detector that is capable of resolving multiphoton events. The basic element of the setup is a fiber loop, which traps the input field with the help of a fast electro-optic switch. A single weakly coupled avalanche photodiode is used to detect small portions of the signal field extracted from the loop. We analyze the response of the loop detector to an arbitrary input field and discuss both the reconstruction of the photon-number distribution of an unknown field from the count statistics measured in the setup and the application of the detector in conditional-state preparation.
Photon-number resolving detectors are a fundamental building-block of optical quantum information processing protocols. A loop detector, combined with appropriate statistical processing, can be used to convert a binary on/off photon counter into a photon-number-resolving detector. Here we describe the idea of a signature of photon-counts, which may be used to more robustly reconstruct the photon number distribution of a quantum state. The methodology is applied experimentally in a 9-port loop detector operating at a telecommunications wavelength and compared directly to the approach whereby only the number of photon-counts is used to reconstruct the input distribution. The signature approach is shown to be more robust against calibration errors, exhibit reduced statistical uncertainty, and reduced reliance on a-priori assumptions about the input state.
With the progress of optical detection technology, the classical diffraction limit raised a hundred years ago has been continuously broken through. In previous experiments within fluorescence sources, one of the techniques used is detecting auto-correlation functions. The image is reconstructed by single-photon and multi-photon detecting intensities. By taking the joint intensity of more than one single-photon detectors into consideration, the point spread function of each photon emitter can be resolved even when the distance of their central position is below the classical diffraction limit. However, the measurement precision is not considered. In actual detecting process the detectors are imperfect, they have quantum detecting efficiency ηηη and even can not count the photon numbers during one absorbing process. Therefore, we analyze the detecting intensity of each detector separately and use the total Fisher information to depict the resolution. Higher Fisher information is obtained when second order correlation function is considered and higher detecting efficiency is beneficial to the Fisher information enhancement, meanwhile the Cramèr-Rao bound for an effective distance resolving is lower than the classical diffraction limits. Furthermore, when the emitted photons are coherent states, the resolution ability can be enhanced with infinite single-photon detectors.
Optical devices able to resolve the number of photons of an optical pulse are very important in quantum state preparation and quantum communication.However, these devices are very hard to implement and an alternative is the multiple-photons resolving detector.Basically, it is an optical device able to distinguish optical pulses with 0 photons, one photon and more than one photon.In this work we show how to implement a different multiple-photon resolving detector using a fibre ring, polarising beam splitter and single-photon detectors.