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Anais de XXXV Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações e Processamento de Sinais

Multiple-Photons Resolving Detector using Fibre Ring

George Thé, Rubens Viana Ramos

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations

Abstract

Optical devices able to resolve the number of photons of an optical pulse are very important in quantum state preparation and quantum communication.However, these devices are very hard to implement and an alternative is the multiple-photons resolving detector.Basically, it is an optical device able to distinguish optical pulses with 0 photons, one photon and more than one photon.In this work we show how to implement a different multiple-photon resolving detector using a fibre ring, polarising beam splitter and single-photon detectors.

DOI: 10.14209/sbrt.2005.408

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Optical devices able to resolve the number of photons of an optical pulse are very important in quantum state preparation and quantum communication.However, these devices are very hard to implement and an alternative is the multiple-photons resolving detector.Basically, it is an optical device able to distinguish optical pulses with 0 photons, one photon and more than one photon.In this work we show how to implement a different multiple-photon resolving detector using a fibre ring, polarising beam splitter and single-photon detectors.

Standard linear optical detectors have a maximum sensitivity in the few hundreds of photons range, limited by amplifier noise. On the other hand, single photon detectors, which are the most sensitive detectors, are strongly nonlinear: One or more photons result in the same output signal. Photon number resolving (PNR) detectors, which have the ability to discriminate the number of photons in a weak optical pulse, are of great importance in the field of quantum information processing and quantum cryptography. Moreover, a PNR detector with large dynamic range can cover the gap between these two detection modes. Such detectors are greatly desirable not only in quantum information science and technology, but also in any application dealing with low light levels. In this work, we propose a novel approach to photon number resolving detectors based on spatial multiplexing of nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors. In the proposed approach, N superconducting nanowires, each connected in parallel to an integrated resistor, are connected in series. Photon absorption in a nanowire switches its bias current to the parallel resistor, forming a voltage pulse across it. The sum of these voltages, proportional to the number of absorbed photons, is measured at the output. The use of a cryogenic preamplifier with high input impedance for the read-out increases the linearity, the signal to noise ratio, and the speed. With this combination, we expect to be able to count up to few tens of photons with high fidelity, excellent timing resolution, and very high sensitivity in the telecommunication wavelength range.

Photon Number Resolving Detectors (PNRDs) are devices capable of measuring the number of photons present in an incident optical beam, enabling light sources to be measured and characterized at the quantum level. In this paper, we explore the performance and design considerations of a linearly multiplexed photon number-resolving single-photon detector array, integrated on a single mode waveguide. Our investigation focus on defining and analyzing the fidelity of such an array under various conditions and proposing practical designs for its implementation. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we show how propagation losses and dark counts may have a strong impact on the performance of the system and highlight the importance of mitigating these effects in practical implementations.

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A superconducting photon number resolving detector can distinguish between different numbers of incoming photons. This makes it useful for many applications, such as boson sampling, quantum optics and communication. In particular, in this work we focused on the characterization of non-pulsed photon sources at the telecom wavelength 1550 nm by means of a superconducting device. We measured the response matrix of the detector and we reconstructed the Poissonian distribution of the number of photons emitted by a continuous wave laser light source.