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arXiv:quant-ph/0204003

Quantum Secure Communication with W States

Jaewoo Joo, Jinhyoung Lee, Jingak Jang, Young-Jai Park

Published Apr 1, 2002• 13 citations
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Abstract

A W state is pair-wisely entangled, belonging to the different class from Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger (GHZ) state. We show that the W state enables three variant protocols, that is, quantum key distribution between several parts, quantum secret sharing, and both of them at the same time. It is discussed how one's cheating can be detected in each protocol.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0204003

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A W state is pair-wisely entangled, belonging to the different class from Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger (GHZ) state. We show that the W state enables three variant protocols, that is, quantum key distribution between several parts, quantum secret sharing, and both of them at the same time. It is discussed how one's cheating can be detected in each protocol.
The characteristics of W state are introduced.The coefficients of W state used for quantum key distribution and secret sharing are proved to be uniform in symmetrical form.The corresponding quantum key distribution scheme via W state is proposed.To insure the security of the proposed quantum key distribution protocol, the receiver switches randomly the message mode to control mode asymmetrically.The security of the protocol is discussed.Quantum secret sharing scheme is accordingly proposed.And the security of the schemes is also discussed.Compared with the quantum key distribution and secret sharing schemes with Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ) states,the efficiency of the proposed schemes is low. The purpose of this paper is just to prove that some states except for GHZ states can be used for quantum key distribution and secret sharing.
Since the first quantum secret sharing protocol based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states was presented by Hillery et al, dozens of quantum secret sharing protocols based on different entangled states (e.g. Bell states, d-level Bell states and GHZ states, etc) and product states have been developed. In this paper, we present a quantum secret sharing protocol, in which the genuinely maximally entangled six-qubit states, which was found recently by Borras et al, are used. An ordinary entangled state such as a Bell state or a GHZ state, etc can be used to share at most only one bit. However, according to our protocol, Alice can share three bits among three parties by a six-qubit state, which shows that our protocol is more efficient than any previous protocol.
In this paper, we develop, a quantum key distribution protocol based on the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states (GHZs). The particles are exchanged among the users in blocks through two steps. In this protocol, for three-particle GHZs three keys can be simultaneously generated. The advantage of this is that the users can select the most suitable key for communication. The protocol can be generalized to N users to provide N keys. The protocol has two levels for checking the eavesdroppers. Moreover, we discuss the security of the protocol against different attacks.