Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Quantum secret sharing of multi-bits by an entangled six-qubit state

Yinxiang Long, Daowen Qiu, Dongyang Long

Published Apr 24, 2012• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Since the first quantum secret sharing protocol based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states was presented by Hillery et al, dozens of quantum secret sharing protocols based on different entangled states (e.g. Bell states, d-level Bell states and GHZ states, etc) and product states have been developed. In this paper, we present a quantum secret sharing protocol, in which the genuinely maximally entangled six-qubit states, which was found recently by Borras et al, are used. An ordinary entangled state such as a Bell state or a GHZ state, etc can be used to share at most only one bit. However, according to our protocol, Alice can share three bits among three parties by a six-qubit state, which shows that our protocol is more efficient than any previous protocol.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/45/19/195303

Related papers

Quantum Secret Sharing of Classical Messages by Genuinely Maximally Entangled Six-Qubit State

Yinxiang Long

Entanglement is an important resource which can be applied in quantum information processing. Now, Bell states and GHZ states have been widely used in quantum secret sharing. The genuinely maximally entangled six-qubit state, which was discovered by Borras recently and called as Borras state, has been shown to exhibit some excellent characters in quantum teleportation. By analyzing the structure of Borras state and making generalized Schmidt decomposition, this paper constructs a concrete protocol of quantum secret sharing, in which Alice can share two bits among her agents, if she shares a Borras state with her four agents in advance (each agent has one qubit, and Alice has two qubits).

Jisuanji kexue yu tansuo•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations

Efficient Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger States

Deng Fu-Guo, Ping Zhou, Xihan Li +2 more

An efficient multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states following some ideas in quantum dense coding. The agents take the single-photon measurements on the photons received for eavesdropping check and exploit the four local unitary operations I , σ z , σ x and i σ y to code their message. This scheme has the advantage of high capacity as each GHZ state can carry two bits of information. The parties do not need to announce the measuring bases for almost all the photons, which will reduce the classical information exchanged largely. The intrinsic efficiency for qubits and the total efficiency both approach the maximal values.

Chinese Physics Letters•Apr 28, 2006•56 citations

Semiquantum secret sharing using entangled states

Qin Li, Wai Hong Chan, Dongyang Long

Secret sharing is a procedure for sharing a secret among a number of participants such that only the qualified subsets of participants have the ability to reconstruct the secret. Even in the presence of eavesdropping, secret sharing can be achieved when all the members are quantum. So what happens if not all the members are quantum? In this paper, we propose two semiquantum secret sharing protocols by using maximally entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-type states in which quantum Alice shares a secret with two classical parties, Bob and Charlie, in a way that both parties are sufficient to obtain the secret, but one of them cannot. The presented protocols are also shown to be secure against eavesdropping.

arXiv:0906.1866•Physical Review A•Aug 4, 2010•187 citations

Quantum secret sharing

Guo‐Ping Guo, Guang‐Can Guo

After analyzing the main quantum secret sharing protocol based on the GHZ-state, we propose the idea to directly encode the qubit of quantum key distributions, and then present a quantum secret sharing scheme where only product states are employed. As entanglement, especially the inaccessible multi-entangled state, is not necessary in the present quantum secret sharing protocol, it may be more applicable when the number of the parties of secret sharing is large. Its theoretic efficiency is also doubled to approach 100%.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Sep 11, 2002•5 citations

Multiparty quantum secret sharing based on GHZ states

Tzonelih Hwang, Cheng-Chieh Hwang, Chuan-Ming Li

Gao (2009 Commun. Theor. Phys. 52 421–4) has proposed an efficient multiparty quantum secret sharing (MQSS) with two-photon three-dimensional Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) pairs. This work shows that a similar idea can also be used to construct an MQSS using the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Compared to other MQSSs using GHZ-related states, the newly proposed protocol is more efficient in the aspect of qubit utilization.

Physica Scripta•Mar 14, 2011•49 citations

An efficient quantum secret sharing using secure direct communication

Mahsa Khorrampanah, Monireh Houshmand

Inspired by quantum secure direct communication, a three-party quantum secret sharing approach is proposed. In the preparation phase, the sender shares a GHZ state among users. After she ensures about the security of the channel, she generates an auxiliary GHZ state and keeps it. Then she encodes three-bit information on the GHZ states, by applying the appropriate gates on her qubits. In the decoding phase, the three parties measure their qubits. The receivers achieve no information on the encoded message individually and just when they know the others' measurement results have access to the secret message. The security of the preparation phase against various attacks is investigated. Since no qubits carrying the message are transmitted, the protocol is completely secure, if the perfect quantum channel is used. The proposed approach has a better efficiency as compared to the previous ones.

Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering•May 1, 2013•10 citations
Since the first quantum secret sharing protocol based on Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states was presented by Hillery et al, dozens of quantum secret sharing protocols based on different entangled states (e.g. Bell states, d-level Bell states and GHZ states, etc) and product states have been developed. In this paper, we present a quantum secret sharing protocol, in which the genuinely maximally entangled six-qubit states, which was found recently by Borras et al, are used. An ordinary entangled state such as a Bell state or a GHZ state, etc can be used to share at most only one bit. However, according to our protocol, Alice can share three bits among three parties by a six-qubit state, which shows that our protocol is more efficient than any previous protocol.
Entanglement is an important resource which can be applied in quantum information processing. Now, Bell states and GHZ states have been widely used in quantum secret sharing. The genuinely maximally entangled six-qubit state, which was discovered by Borras recently and called as Borras state, has been shown to exhibit some excellent characters in quantum teleportation. By analyzing the structure of Borras state and making generalized Schmidt decomposition, this paper constructs a concrete protocol of quantum secret sharing, in which Alice can share two bits among her agents, if she shares a Borras state with her four agents in advance (each agent has one qubit, and Alice has two qubits).
An efficient multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme is proposed with Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states following some ideas in quantum dense coding. The agents take the single-photon measurements on the photons received for eavesdropping check and exploit the four local unitary operations I , σ z , σ x and i σ y to code their message. This scheme has the advantage of high capacity as each GHZ state can carry two bits of information. The parties do not need to announce the measuring bases for almost all the photons, which will reduce the classical information exchanged largely. The intrinsic efficiency for qubits and the total efficiency both approach the maximal values.
Secret sharing is a procedure for sharing a secret among a number of participants such that only the qualified subsets of participants have the ability to reconstruct the secret. Even in the presence of eavesdropping, secret sharing can be achieved when all the members are quantum. So what happens if not all the members are quantum? In this paper, we propose two semiquantum secret sharing protocols by using maximally entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-type states in which quantum Alice shares a secret with two classical parties, Bob and Charlie, in a way that both parties are sufficient to obtain the secret, but one of them cannot. The presented protocols are also shown to be secure against eavesdropping.
After analyzing the main quantum secret sharing protocol based on the GHZ-state, we propose the idea to directly encode the qubit of quantum key distributions, and then present a quantum secret sharing scheme where only product states are employed. As entanglement, especially the inaccessible multi-entangled state, is not necessary in the present quantum secret sharing protocol, it may be more applicable when the number of the parties of secret sharing is large. Its theoretic efficiency is also doubled to approach 100%.
Inspired by quantum secure direct communication, a three-party quantum secret sharing approach is proposed. In the preparation phase, the sender shares a GHZ state among users. After she ensures about the security of the channel, she generates an auxiliary GHZ state and keeps it. Then she encodes three-bit information on the GHZ states, by applying the appropriate gates on her qubits. In the decoding phase, the three parties measure their qubits. The receivers achieve no information on the encoded message individually and just when they know the others' measurement results have access to the secret message. The security of the preparation phase against various attacks is investigated. Since no qubits carrying the message are transmitted, the protocol is completely secure, if the perfect quantum channel is used. The proposed approach has a better efficiency as compared to the previous ones.