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arXiv:quant-ph/0102008 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Evolutionary quantum game

Roland Kay, Neil F. Johnson, Simon C. Benjamin

Published Oct 8, 2001• 59 citations
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Abstract

We present a study of a dynamical quantum game. Each agent has a `memory' of her performance over the previous m timesteps, and her strategy can evolve in time. The game exhibits distinct regimes of optimality. For small m the classical game performs better, while for intermediate m the relative performance depends on whether the source of qubits is `corrupt'. For large m , the quantum players dramatically outperform the classical players by `freezing' the game into high-performing attractors in which evolution ceases.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/34/41/101

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We present a study of a dynamical quantum game. Each agent has a memory' of her performance over the previous m timesteps, and her strategy can evolve in time. The game exhibits distinct regimes of optimality. For small m the classical game performs better, while for intermediate m the relative performance depends on whether the source of qubits is corrupt'. For large m , the quantum players dramatically outperform the classical players by `freezing' the game into high-performing attractors in which evolution ceases.
An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) was originally defined as a static concept but later given a dynamic characterization. A well known theorem in evolutionary game theory says that an ESS is an attractor of replicator dynamics but not every attractor is an ESS. We search for a dynamic characterization of ESSs in quantum games and find that in certain asymmetric bi-matrix games evolutionary stability of attractors can change as the game switches between its two forms, one classical and the other quantum.
We cast in game theory terms the physics associated with the interaction between (i) matter and (ii) a single mode of an electromagnetic field within a cavity. Thereby, we introduce a game admitting both classical and quantal players. Strategies are determined by the initial conditions of the associated dynamical system, whose time evolution is characterized by the existence of attractors that represent possible results of the game. Two types of quantum states are considered: perfectly distinguishable or partially overlapping ones.
We study quantum games with correlated noise through a generalized quantization scheme. We investigate the effects of memory on quantum games, such as Prisoner's Dilemma, Battle of the Sexes and Chicken, through three prototype quantum-correlated channels. It is shown that the quantum player enjoys an advantage over the classical player for all nine cases considered in this paper for the maximally entangled case. However, the quantum player can also outperform the classical player for subsequent cases that can be noted in the case of the Battle of the Sexes game. It can be seen that the Nash equilibria do not change for all the three games under the effect of memory.