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arXiv:quant-ph/0010067 · Physical Review A

Laser cooling of trapped Fermi gases far below the Fermi temperature

Zbigniew Idziaszek, Luis Santos, Maciej Lewenstein

Published Oct 10, 2001• 11 citations
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Abstract

We study the collective Raman cooling of a polarized trapped Fermi gas in the festina lente regime, when the heating effects associated with photon reabsorptions are suppressed. We predict that by adjusting the spontaneous Raman emission rates and using appropriately designed anharmonic traps, temperatures of the order of $2.7%$ of the Fermi temperature can be achieved in 3D.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.64.051402

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We study the collective Raman cooling of a polarized trapped Fermi gas in the festina lente regime, when the heating effects associated with photon reabsorptions are suppressed. We predict that by adjusting the spontaneous Raman emission rates and using appropriately designed anharmonic traps, temperatures of the order of 2.72.7%2.7 of the Fermi temperature can be achieved in 3D.
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We study the collective Raman cooling of a trapped two-component Fermi gas using quantum master equation in the festina lente regime, where the heating due to photon reabsorption can be neglected. The Monte Carlo simulations show that three-dimensional temperatures of the order of 0.008TF{0.008T}_{F}0.008TF​ can be achieved. We analyze the heating related to background losses, and show that our laser-cooling scheme can maintain the temperature of the gas without significant additional losses.
Pauli blocking of spontaneous emission by a single excited-state atom has been predicted to be dramatic at low temperature when the Fermi energy E F exceeds the recoil energy E R . The photon scattering rate of a ground-state Fermi gas can also be suppressed by occupation of the final states accessible to a recoiling atom; however, suppression is diminished by scattering events near the Fermi edge. We analyse two new approaches to improve the visibility of Pauli blocking in a trapped Fermi gas. Focusing the incident light to excite preferentially the high-density region of the cloud can increase the blocking signature by 14%, and is most effective at intermediate temperature. Spontaneous Raman scattering between imbalanced internal states can be strongly suppressed at low temperature, and is completely blocked for a final state E F > 4 E R in the high imbalance limit.
We consider collective laser cooling of atomic gas in the festina lente regime, when the heating effects associated with photon re-absorption are suppressed. We demonstrate that an appropriate sequence of laser pulses allows us to condense a gas of trapped bosonic atoms into the ground level of the trap in the presence of collisions. Such condensation is robust and can be achieved in experimentally feasible traps. We extend significantly the validity of our previous numerical studies, and present new analytic results concerning condensation in the limit of rapid thermalization. We discuss in detail necessary conditions to realize an all-optical condensate in the weak-condensation regime and beyond.
Light scattering from a neutral Fermi gas can be suppressed by occupation of the final states accessible to a recoiling atom. A related effect, Pauli blocking of spontaneous emission by a single excited-state atom, has been predicted to be dramatic at low temperature when the Fermi energy EF exceeds the recoil energy ER. However suppression of light scattering from a large ground-state ensemble is diminished by scattering events near unoccupied states. We analyze two possible methods of enhancement: using a focused light beam to excite only the high-density region of the cloud, and Raman scattering between imbalanced internal states. We find that focusing can enhance suppression by 14 % of the unblocked scattering rate, and that Raman scattering can yield a full suppression at low temperature for EF> 4ER, even in the inhomogeneous gas. ‡ Present address: Lyman Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USAEnhanced Pauli blocking of light scattering in a trapped Fermi gas 2 1.
We present a method for producing three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates using only laser cooling. The phase transition to condensation is crossed with 2.5×10^{4} ^{87}Rb atoms at a temperature of T_{c}=0.6 μK after 1.4 s of cooling. Atoms are trapped in a crossed optical dipole trap and cooled using Raman cooling with far-off-resonant optical pumping light to reduce atom loss and heating. The achieved temperatures are well below the effective recoil temperature. We find that during the final cooling stage at atomic densities above 10^{14} cm^{-3}, careful tuning of trap depth and optical-pumping rate is necessary to evade heating and loss mechanisms. The method may enable the fast production of quantum degenerate gases in a variety of systems including fermions.