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arXiv:quant-ph/0005107 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Laser-induced condensation of trapped bosonic gases

Luis Santos, Zbigniew Idziaszek, J. I. Cirac, Maciej Lewenstein

Published Sep 15, 2000• 7 citations
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Abstract

We consider collective laser cooling of atomic gas in the festina lente regime, when the heating effects associated with photon re-absorption are suppressed. We demonstrate that an appropriate sequence of laser pulses allows us to condense a gas of trapped bosonic atoms into the ground level of the trap in the presence of collisions. Such condensation is robust and can be achieved in experimentally feasible traps. We extend significantly the validity of our previous numerical studies, and present new analytic results concerning condensation in the limit of rapid thermalization. We discuss in detail necessary conditions to realize an all-optical condensate in the weak-condensation regime and beyond.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/33/19/322

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We consider collective laser cooling of atomic gas in the festina lente regime, when the heating effects associated with photon re-absorption are suppressed. We demonstrate that an appropriate sequence of laser pulses allows us to condense a gas of trapped bosonic atoms into the ground level of the trap in the presence of collisions. Such condensation is robust and can be achieved in experimentally feasible traps. We extend significantly the validity of our previous numerical studies, and present new analytic results concerning condensation in the limit of rapid thermalization. We discuss in detail necessary conditions to realize an all-optical condensate in the weak-condensation regime and beyond.
We analyse the effects of atom-atom collisions on collective laser cooling scheme. We derive a quantum Master equation which describes the laser cooling in presence of atom-atom collisions in the weak-condensation regime. Using such equation, we perform Monte Carlo simulations of the population dynamics in one and three dimensions. We observe that the ground-state laser-induced condensation is maintained in the presence of collisions. Laser cooling causes a transition from a Bose-Einstein distribution describing collisionally induced equilibrium,to a distribution with an effective zero temperature. We analyse also the effects of atom-atom collisions on the cooling into an excited state of the trap.
The collective Raman cooling of trapped one- and two-component Fermi gases is considered. We obtain the quantum master equation that describes laser cooling in the festina lente regime, for which the heating due to photon reabsorption can be neglected. For the two-component case the collisional processes are described within the formalism of the quantum Boltzmann master equation. The inhibition of the spontaneous emission can be overcome by properly adjusting the spontaneous Raman rate during the cooling. Our numerical results, based on Monte Carlo simulations of the corresponding rate equations, show that three-dimensional temperatures of the order of 0.08 T F (single component) and 0.03 T F (two components) can be achieved. We investigate the statistical properties of the equilibrium distribution of the laser-cooled gas, showing that the number fluctuations are enhanced compared with the thermal distribution close to the Fermi surface. Finally, we analyse the heating related to the background losses, concluding that our laser-cooling scheme should maintain the temperature of the gas without significant additional losses.
We study the collective Raman cooling of a polarized trapped Fermi gas in the festina lente regime, when the heating effects associated with photon reabsorptions are suppressed. We predict that by adjusting the spontaneous Raman emission rates and using appropriately designed anharmonic traps, temperatures of the order of 2.72.7%2.7 of the Fermi temperature can be achieved in 3D.
We analyze the laser cooling of trapped bosonic gases beyond the Lamb-Dicke limit. We use a quantum master equation formalism to study the cooling dynamics, and show that dark-state cooling methods similar to those previously proposed for a single trapped atom allow for the condensation of a collection of bosons into a single state of the trap, either the ground state or an excited state. Using Monte Carlo simulations we analyze the condensation dynamics for different dimensions, and two different cooling schemes; we also demonstrate the appearance of multistability and hysteresis phenomena.
We study the collective Raman cooling of a trapped two-component Fermi gas using quantum master equation in the festina lente regime, where the heating due to photon reabsorption can be neglected. The Monte Carlo simulations show that three-dimensional temperatures of the order of 0.008TF{0.008T}_{F}0.008TF​ can be achieved. We analyze the heating related to background losses, and show that our laser-cooling scheme can maintain the temperature of the gas without significant additional losses.
We study the optical loading of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate by spontaneous emission of atoms in excited electronic state in the boson accumulation regime. We generalize the previous simplified analysis of Cirac and Lewenstein ( Phys. Rev. A , 53 (1996) 2466), to a 3D case in which more than one trap level of the excited-state trap is considered. By solving the corresponding quantum many-body master equation, we demonstrate that also for this general situation the photon reabsorption can help to increase the condensate fraction. Such effect could be employed to realize a continuous atom laser, and to overcome condensate losses.