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arXiv:quant-ph/0001094 · Physical Review Letters

Dark-State Polaritons in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Michael Fleischhauer, Mikhail D. Lukin

Published May 29, 2000• 1,626 citations
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Abstract

We identify form-stable coupled excitations of light and matter ("dark-state polaritons") associated with the propagation of quantum fields in electromagnetically induced transparency. The properties of dark-state polaritons such as the group velocity are determined by the mixing angle between light and matter components and can be controlled by an external coherent field as the pulse propagates. In particular, light pulses can be decelerated and "trapped" in which case their shape and quantum state are mapped onto metastable collective states of matter. Possible applications of this reversible coherent-control technique are discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.84.5094

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We identify form-stable coupled excitations of light and matter ("dark-state polaritons") associated with the propagation of quantum fields in electromagnetically induced transparency. The properties of dark-state polaritons such as the group velocity are determined by the mixing angle between light and matter components and can be controlled by an external coherent field as the pulse propagates. In particular, light pulses can be decelerated and "trapped" in which case their shape and quantum state are mapped onto metastable collective states of matter. Possible applications of this reversible coherent-control technique are discussed.
An ideal and reversible transfer technique for the quantum state between light and metastable collective states of matter is presented and analyzed in detail. The method is based on the control of photon propagation in coherently driven three-level atomic media, in which the group velocity is adiabatically reduced to zero. Form-stable coupled excitations of light and matter (``dark-state polaritons'') associated with the propagation of quantum fields in electromagnetically induced transparency are identified, their basic properties discussed and their application for quantum memories for light analyzed.
The coherent superposition of two-atomic levels induced by coherent population trapping is employed in a standard ΛΛΛ type scheme to form a tripod-like system. A weak probe pulse scanning across the system is shown to experience a crossover from absorption to transparent and then to amplification. Consequently the group velocity of the probe pulse can be controlled to propagate either as a subluminal, a standard, a superluminal or even a negative speed. It is shown that the propagation behavior of the light field is entirely determined and controlled by the initial states of the coherent superposition.
Dark-state polaritons in a five-level MMM-type atomic ensemble are proposed in the electromagnetically induced transparency. Under conditions of the low excitation limit and adiabatic following, the quantum field can be mapped onto the atomic polarization states, forming the shape preserving quantum states of polaritons. Two channels for robust quantum memory are provided, which enables the potential applications in quantum-information processing.
This paper derives a wave equation in magnetized plasma under electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) regime for probe electron cyclotron wave. The equation has a solution indicating a state analogous to “dark-state polaritons” [M. Fleischhauer and M. D. Lukin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5094 (2000)] in quantum atomic system. The state analogous to dark-state polaritons is a propagating coupled state of the probe-wave electric field and longitudinal plasma oscillation. The propagation of the coupled state can be stopped as its waveform is maintained if injection of pump wave is properly controlled in time domain. The “stop-light” is achieved by adiabatic transition from a state in which the probe-wave field is dominant to a state in which the longitudinal plasma oscillation is dominant. This study also recaptures a phenomenon analogous to “coherent population trap” in conventional EIT of quantum atomic system.