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Physical Review A

Dark-state polaritons for quantum memory in a five-level M -type atomic ensemble

Fuli Li, Ying Gu, Kai Wang, Qihuang Gong

Published Mar 28, 2006• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Dark-state polaritons in a five-level $M$-type atomic ensemble are proposed in the electromagnetically induced transparency. Under conditions of the low excitation limit and adiabatic following, the quantum field can be mapped onto the atomic polarization states, forming the shape preserving quantum states of polaritons. Two channels for robust quantum memory are provided, which enables the potential applications in quantum-information processing.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.73.032343

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Dark-state polaritons in a five-level MMM-type atomic ensemble are proposed in the electromagnetically induced transparency. Under conditions of the low excitation limit and adiabatic following, the quantum field can be mapped onto the atomic polarization states, forming the shape preserving quantum states of polaritons. Two channels for robust quantum memory are provided, which enables the potential applications in quantum-information processing.
It is known that photons are the ideal carriers of quantum information and ensemble of atoms can be acted as the long lived storage and processing units. In the coherently prepared atomic ensemble with the light resonantly interacting with the atoms, various schemes have been proposed to implement quantum state transfer and storage, quantum phase gate, generation of entangled photons, and the long-distance quantum communication [1]. We first proposed the dark-state polaritons in a five-level M-type atomic ensemble in the electro magnetically induced transparency (EIT) [2], Under conditions of the low excitation limit and adiabatic following, the quantum field can be mapped onto the atomic polarization states, forming the shape preserving quantum states of polaritons. Two channels for robust quantum memory are provided. Then, we investigated the nonlinear optical response of a five-level tripod atomic system in the EIT, and proposed a three-qubit phase gate protocol based on the fifth-order nonlinearity [3]. The cross phase modulation among three weak fields induced by the fifth-order nonlinearity in EIT can produce the phase shift of order n, which can be used to realize the three-qubit polarization phase gate. Finally, we proposed a cavity-QED scheme that can effectively generate EPR polarization-entangled photon pairs [4], A four-level tripod atom successively couples to two high-Q optical cavities possessing polarization degeneracy, assisted by a classical π-polarized pump field. The stimulated Raman adiabatic passage process in the atom-cavity system is used to produce the polarization-entangled photon pairs. The proposal is particularly robust against atomic spontaneous decay. The above protocols should have potential applications in quantum information processing.
An ideal and reversible transfer technique for the quantum state between light and metastable collective states of matter is presented and analyzed in detail. The method is based on the control of photon propagation in coherently driven three-level atomic media, in which the group velocity is adiabatically reduced to zero. Form-stable coupled excitations of light and matter (``dark-state polaritons'') associated with the propagation of quantum fields in electromagnetically induced transparency are identified, their basic properties discussed and their application for quantum memories for light analyzed.
We investigate the formation of dark-state polaritons in an ensemble of degenerate two-level atoms admitting electromagnetically induced transparency. Using a generalization of microscopic equation-of-motion technique, multiple collective polariton modes are identified depending on the polarizations of two coupling fields. For each mode, the polariton dispersion relation and composition are obtained in a closed form out of a matrix eigenvalue problem for arbitrary control field strengths. We illustrate the algorithm by considering the F g = 2 → F e = 1 transition of the D 1 line in 87 Rb atomic vapor. In addition, an application of dark-state polaritons to the frequency and/or polarization conversion, using D 1 and D 2 transitions in cold Rb atoms, is given.
We identify form-stable coupled excitations of light and matter ("dark-state polaritons") associated with the propagation of quantum fields in electromagnetically induced transparency. The properties of dark-state polaritons such as the group velocity are determined by the mixing angle between light and matter components and can be controlled by an external coherent field as the pulse propagates. In particular, light pulses can be decelerated and "trapped" in which case their shape and quantum state are mapped onto metastable collective states of matter. Possible applications of this reversible coherent-control technique are discussed.
We study in detail the interesting dynamical symmetry and its applications in various atomic systems with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in this paper. By discovering the symmetrical Lie group of various atomic systems, such as single-atomic-ensemble composed of complex mmm-level (m>3)(m>3)(m>3) atoms, and twotwotwo-atomic-ensemble and even multi-atomic-ensemble system composed of of threethreethree-level atoms etc., one can obtain the general definition of dark-state polaritons (DSPs), and then the dark-states of these different systems. The symmetrical properties of the multi-level system and multi-atomic-ensemble system are shown to be dependent on some characteristic parameters of the EIT system. Furthermore, a controllable scheme to generate quantum entanglement between lights or atoms via quantized DSPs theory is discussed and the robustness of this scheme is analyzed by confirming the validity of adiabatic passage conditions in this paper.