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arXiv:physics/0510274 · Physical Review A

Bound and free atoms diagnosed by the recoil-induced resonances: One-dimensional optical lattice in a working magneto-optical trap

Maria Brzozowska, Tomasz Brzozowski, Jerzy Zachorowski, Wojciech Gawlik

Published Jun 29, 2006• 19 citations

Abstract

We report on studies of simultaneous trapping of $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) and one-dimensional optical lattice. Using Raman pump-probe spectroscopy, we observe the coexistence of two atomic fractions: the first consists of free, unbound atoms trapped in a MOT and the second is localized in the micropotentials of the optical lattice. We show that recoil-induced resonances allow not only temperature determination of the atomic cloud but, together with vibrational resonances, can also be used for real-time, nondestructive studies of the lattice loading and of the dynamics of systems comprising unbound and bound atomic fractions.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.73.063414

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We report on studies of simultaneous trapping of

^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) and one-dimensional optical lattice. Using Raman pump-probe spectroscopy, we observe the coexistence of two atomic fractions: the first consists of free, unbound atoms trapped in a MOT and the second is localized in the micropotentials of the optical lattice. We show that recoil-induced resonances allow not only temperature determination of the atomic cloud but, together with vibrational resonances, can also be used for real-time, nondestructive studies of the lattice loading and of the dynamics of systems comprising unbound and bound atomic fractions.

We report on cw measurements of probe beam absorption and four-wave-mixing spectra in a

^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

magneto-optical trap taken while the trap is in operation. The trapping beams are used as pump light. We concentrate on the central feature of the spectra at small pump-probe detuning and attribute its narrow resonant structures to the superposition of Raman transitions between light-shifted sublevels of the ground atomic state and to atomic recoil processes. These two contributions have different dependencies on trap parameters and we show that the former is inhomogeneously broadened. The strong dependence of the spectra on the probe-beam polarization indicates the existence of large optical anisotropy of the cold-atom sample, which is attributed to the recoil effects. We point out that the recoil-induced resonances can be isolated from other contributions, making pump-probe spectroscopy a highly sensitive diagnostic tool for atoms in a working magneto-optical trap.

We present a study on characteristics of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) as an optical lattice. Fluorescence spectra of atoms trapped in a MOT with a passively phase-stabilized beam configuration have been measured by means of the photon-counting heterodyne spectroscopy. We observe a narrow Rayleigh peak and well-resolved Raman sidebands in the fluorescence spectra which clearly show that the MOT itself behaves as a three-dimensional optical lattice. Optical-lattice-like properties of the phase-stabilized MOT such as vibrational frequencies and lineshapes of Rayleigh peak and Raman sidebands are investigated systematically for various trap conditions.

We present a study on characteristics of a magneto-optical trap (MOT) as an optical lattice. Fluorescence spectra of atoms trapped in a MOT with a passively phase-stabilized beam configuration have been measured by means of the photon-counting heterodyne spectroscopy. We observe a narrow Rayleigh peak and well-resolved Raman sidebands in the fluorescence spectra which clearly show that the MOT itself behaves as a three-dimensional optical lattice. Optical-lattice-like properties of the phase-stabilized MOT such as vibrational frequencies and lineshapes of Rayleigh peak and Raman sidebands are investigated systematically for various trap conditions.

We present experimental observation of recoil-induced resonance (RIR) in an operating cesium magneto-optical trap (MOT) by both pump–probe absorption and four-wave mixing spectra simultaneously. We investigate the dependence of amplitudes of these two spectra on pump beam intensity and frequency. The measurement results agree well with the recoil-induced theory with modifications of Raman transition effect and atomic number. The systematical study on RIR spectra is meaningful for the diagnostic measurement of cold atoms in an operating MOT.