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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Observation of nonlinear optical recoil-induced resonances in a dark magneto-optical trap

P. L. Chapovsky

Published Sep 1, 2007• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Nonlinear optical recoil-induced resonances have been observed in a gas of cold rubidium atoms trapped in a dark magneto-optical trap. These resonances are used to measure the temperature and velocity distribution of the cold atoms. The velocity distribution of the atoms in the dark magneto-optical trap has an excessive amount of fast atoms as compared to the Maxwell distribution and to the distribution in a standard magneto-optical trap.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364007140020

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Nonlinear optical recoil-induced resonances have been observed in a gas of cold rubidium atoms trapped in a dark magneto-optical trap. These resonances are used to measure the temperature and velocity distribution of the cold atoms. The velocity distribution of the atoms in the dark magneto-optical trap has an excessive amount of fast atoms as compared to the Maxwell distribution and to the distribution in a standard magneto-optical trap.
The lifetimes of rubidium atoms in a dark magneto-optical trap are measured at different populations of the 'bright' and 'dark' hyperfine states of captured atoms. It is found that the lifetime of atoms in the trap decreases if they spend more time in the bright state. A simple explanation of this effect is proposed which is based on the increase in the transport cross section for collisions of thermal rubidium atoms surrounding the trap with cold rubidium atoms upon their electronic excitation.
Spectral characteristics of rubidium atoms confined in a dark magneto-optical trap (DMOT) are measured, including probe absorption spectra and atom density as a function of the cooling and repumping laser frequencies. The trap can capture and cool more than 2.5 × 10 8 rubidium atoms, confining them in a hyperfine state weakly perturbed by the laser beams used to form the trap. The optical density of the trapped atomic cloud approaches 9. A qualitative model of the DMOT operation is presented, based on the experimental results obtained.
In this paper we report on the first purely ``pump-probe'' nonlinear laser spectroscopy results in a slow atomic beam. We have observed Raman, Rayleigh, and recoil-induced resonances (RIR) in a continuous beam of slow and cold cesium atoms extracted from a two-dimensional (2D) magneto-optical-trap (MOT) with the moving molasses technique. The RIR enabled us to measure the velocity distribution, therefore the average speed (0.6--4 m/s) and temperature (50--500 \ensuremath{\mu}K) of the atomic beam. Compared to time of flight, this technique has the advantage of being local, more sensitive in the low-velocity regime (v<1m/s),(v<1 \mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}),(v<1m/s), and it gives access to transverse velocities and temperatures. Moreover, it may be extended to measure atomic velocities in the 2D MOT source of the atomic beam.
We have constructed a tapered magnetic atom guide that is integrated with a magneto-optical trap. We have observed atom guiding over distances of up to 20 cm. This integrated strategy is useful for loading atoms into wire guides. We have shown that tapered sections in atom guides. i.e. sections with a variable steepness of the transverse guiding potential, can reflect atoms propagating in the guide. The reflection arises from the adiabatic conservation of the action of the transverse motion; the latter can be used as a control parameter for the atom reflectivity. A method of producing a slow, dark atomic beam of atoms is demonstrated. Atoms that are extracted from a magneto-optical trap using a push beam are quickly pumped into a dark state, which does not interact with the push laser beam. This method is capable of producing atoms with a velocity of order 1 m/s. The slow atoms can be coupled into atom guides. In related research, we observe tunneling resonances of atoms in a 1D optical lattice through the measurement of the magnetization. These resonances manifest themselves as modulations in the magnetization curves. The resonances are shown to be related to the coherence properties of the atoms, and exist only under conditions where the coherence time exceeds the tunneling period of the atoms.
In this paper we report an experiment on the observation of the recoil-induced resonances (RIR) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) of cold 87Rb^{87}\text{R}\text{b}87Rb atoms in diffuse light. The pump light of the RIR and the EIA comes from the diffuse light in an integrating sphere, which also serves the cooling light. We measured the RIR and the EIA signal varying with the detuning of the diffuse laser light, and also measured the number and the temperature of the cold atoms at the different detunings. The mechanism of RIR and EIA in the configuration with diffuse-light pumping and laser probing are discussed, and the difference between the nonlinear spectra of cold atoms in a diffuse-light cooling system and in a magneto-optical trap is studied.