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arXiv:physics/0409151 · Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Microwave spectroscopy of cold rubidium atoms

Vasily M. Entin, I. I. Ryabtsev

Published Aug 1, 2004• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The effect of microwave radiation on the resonance fluorescence of a cloud of cold 85 Rb atoms in a magnetooptical trap is studied. The radiation frequency was tuned near the hyperfine splitting frequency of rubidium atoms in the 5S ground state. The microwave field induced magnetic dipole transitions between the magnetic sublevels of the 5S ( F =2) and 5S ( F =3) states, resulting in a change in the fluorescence signal. The resonance fluorescence spectra were recorded by tuning the microwave radiation frequency. The observed spectra were found to be substantially dependent on the transition under study and the frequency of a repump laser used in the cooling scheme.

DOI
10.1134/1.1808842

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The effect of microwave radiation on the resonance fluorescence of a cloud of cold 85 Rb atoms in a magnetooptical trap is studied. The radiation frequency was tuned near the hyperfine splitting frequency of rubidium atoms in the 5S ground state. The microwave field induced magnetic dipole transitions between the magnetic sublevels of the 5S ( F =2) and 5S ( F =3) states, resulting in a change in the fluorescence signal. The resonance fluorescence spectra were recorded by tuning the microwave radiation frequency. The observed spectra were found to be substantially dependent on the transition under study and the frequency of a repump laser used in the cooling scheme.
Results on study of MOT fluorescence in presence of microwave field applied to ground state splitting of atoms in trap are presented. Experiments are performed with rubidium atoms in conventional three circular polarized retroreflected beams magneto-optical trap setup in the next conditions. To make trapping, two external cavity diode lasers frequency locked to saturated absorption peaks at D-2 line of rubidium are used. The power of each laser is about 6 mW. The locking circuit allowed the tuning of offset frequency within wing of saturation absorption peak via computer.
The parameters of a dark magnetooptical trap for rubidium atoms are measured. The rubidium atoms captured and cooled in the trap occupy a hyperfine level of the ground electronic state, which does not interact with cooling laser radiation. The pulsed filling of the trap is produced due to desorption of rubidium caused by irradiation by a short (1 ms) light pulse. The trap captures and cools 2.5 × 10 8 rubidium atoms approximately for 0.2 s. The absorption spectra of a weak probe field by cold atoms are obtained, which demonstrate a good spectral resolution of the hyperfine structure in the excited state. This structure is completely hidden by the Doppler broadening in rubidium vapours at room temperature.
Experiments are carried out on the spectroscopy of the Förster resonance lines Rb(37 P ) + Rb(37 P ) → Rb(37 S ) + Rb(38 S ) and microwave transitions nP → n ′ S , n ′ D between Rydberg states of cold rubidium atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Under ordinary conditions, all spectra exhibit a linewidth of 2–3 MHz irrespective of the interaction time between atoms or between atoms and microwave radiation, although the limit resonance width should be determined by the inverse interaction time. The analysis of experimental conditions has shown that the main source of line broadening is the inhomogeneous electric field of cold photoions that are generated under the excitation of initial nP Rydberg states by broadband pulsed laser radiation. The application of an additional electric-field pulse that rapidly extracts photoions produced by a laser pulse leads to a considerable narrowing of lines of microwave resonances and the Förster resonance. Various sources of line broadening in cold Rydberg atoms are analyzed.
This paper reports on the results of experiments with cold rubidium Rydberg atoms in a magneto-optical trap. The specific feature of the experiments is the excitation of Rydberg atoms in a small volume within a cloud of cold atoms and the sorting of measured signals and spectra according to the number of detected Rydberg atoms. The effective lifetime of the 37 P Rydberg state and its polarizability in a weak electric field are measured. The results obtained are in good agreement with theoretical calculations. It is demonstrated that the localization of the excitation volume in the vicinity of the zero-magnetic-field point makes it possible to improve the spectral resolution and to obtain narrow microwave resonances in Rydberg atoms without switching off the quadrupole magnetic field of the trap. The dependence of the amplitude of dipole-dipole interaction resonances in Rydberg atoms on the number of atoms is measured. This dependence exhibits a linear behavior and agrees with the theory for a weak dipole-dipole interaction.
Abstract We have observed the Rabi oscillations of the population of 87 Rb atoms in the hyperfine ground state, when a cold atom cloud prepared in the hyperfine ground state (F = 1) was exposed to a microwave (MW) radiation field resonant to the |F = 1, m F = 0 > → |F = 2, m F = 0 > transition. After exposure to MW field, the atom cloud was imaged using the absorption probe method, and the cloud images have revealed that the population excited to the hyperfine state (F = 2) varied with the position in the atom cloud. At a given position in the atom cloud, the excited population shows Rabi oscillations between two hyperfine states with an increase in the MW field exposure time. Using these Rabi oscillations, the amplitude of the microwave magnetic field was estimated, which showed good agreement with the calculated field values. PACS numbers: 32.80.Pj, 33.55.Be, 67.85.-d.