We study the phase diagram of the tight-binding model for an electron on an anisotropic square lattice with a four-dimensional parameter space defined by two nearest-neighbour and two next-nearest-neighbour couplings. Using a renormalization scheme, we show that the inequality of the two next-nearest-neighbour couplings destroys the fat critical regime found in the isotropic case above the bicritical line and replaces it with another re-entrant extended phase. The scaling properties of the model are those of the corresponding tight-binding models on the nearest-neighbour square and triangular lattices. The triangular universality class also describes the quantum Ising chain in a transverse field with the only exception being the conformally invariant state of the Ising model which has no analogue in the triangular-lattice case.
We consider an extended Hubbard model of interacting fermions on a lattice. The fermion kinetic energy corresponds to a tight-binding Hamiltonian with nearest-neighbor (-t) and next-nearest-neighbor (
t∣IH) hopping matrix elements. In addition to the on-site Hubbard interaction (U) we also consider a nearest-neighbor repulsion (V). We obtain the zero-temperature phase diagram of our model within the Hartree-Fock approximation. We consider ground states having charge- and spin-density-wave ordering as well as states with orbital antiferromagnetism or spin nematic order. The latter two states correspond to particle-hole binding with ${\mathrm{d}}_{{\mathrm{x}}^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{y}}^{2}}$ symmetry in the charge and spin channels, respectively. For
t∣IH=0, only the charge-density-wave and spin-density-wave states are energetically stable. For nonzero
t∣IH, we find that orbital antiferromagnetism (or spin nematic) order is stable over a finite portion of the phase diagram at weak coupling. This region of stability is seen to grow with increasing values of
t∣IH.