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arXiv:hep-th/9306075 · Presented at

(Constrained) Quantization Without Tears

R. Jackiw

Published Jun 16, 1993• 67 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

An alternative to Dirac's constrained quantization procedure is explained.
DOI
10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9306075

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Dirac-bracket quantization of the nonrelativistic particle whose motion is constrained on the hypersurface f(x)=const embedded in a general curved space is discussed. The noncanonical nature of commutation relations makes it difficult to obtain the coordinate representation. Then the system with the derivative-type constraint df(x)/dt=0 is alternatively quantized, treating carefully the operator-ordering problem. In this system it is shown that there exist no constraints on coordinates and momenta and that one can thus have a straightforward representation, which leads, in turn, to the representation and the Schr\"odinger equation in the former system.
We present a novel framework for quantizing constrained quantum systems in which the processes of quantization and constraint enforcement are performed simultaneously. The approach is based on an extension of the stationary action principle, incorporating an information-theoretic term arising from vacuum fluctuations. Constraints are included directly in the Lagrangian via Lagrange multipliers, allowing the subsequent variational procedure to yield the quantum dynamics without ambiguity regarding the order of quantization and reduction. We demonstrate the method through two examples: (i) a one-dimensional system with vanishing local momentum, where the simultaneous approach produces the time-independent Schrödinger equation while conventional reduced and Dirac quantization yield only trivial states, and (ii) a bipartite system with global translational invariance, where all three methods agree. These results show that the proposed framework generalizes standard quantization schemes and provides a consistent treatment of systems with constraints that cannot be expressed as linear operators acting on the wave function. In addition to a unified variational principle for constrained quantum systems, the formalism also offers an information-theoretic perspective on quantum effects arising from vacuum fluctuations.