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arXiv:hep-th/9601149

Non-canonical Quantization of a Quadratic Constrained System

M. Arık, Gökhan Ünel

Published Jan 26, 1996• 0 citations
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Abstract

We propose an alternative to Dirac quantization for a quadratic constrained system. We show that this solves the Jacobi identity violation problem occuring in the Dirac quantization case and yields a well defined Fock space. By requiring the uniqueness of the ground state, we show that for non-constrained systems this approach gives the same results as Dirac quantization.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9601149

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We propose an alternative to Dirac quantization for a quadratic constrained system. We show that this solves the Jacobi identity violation problem occuring in the Dirac quantization case and yields a well defined Fock space. By requiring the uniqueness of the ground state, we show that for non-constrained systems this approach gives the same results as Dirac quantization.
The Hamiltonian treatment of constrained systems in Gu¨ler′sG\ddot{u}ler'sGu¨ler′s formalism leads us to the total differential equations in many variables. These equations are integrable if the corresponding system of partial differential equations is a Jacobi system. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the quantization of the finite dimensional systems with constraints using the canonical formalism introduced by Gu¨lerG\ddot{u}lerGu¨ler. This approach is applied for two systems with constraints and the results are in agreement with those obtained by Dirac's canonical quatization method and path integral quantization method.
The similarity between classical and quantum physics is large enough to make an investigation of quantization methods a worthwhile endeavour. As history has shown, Dirac's canonical quantization method works reasonably well in the case of conventional quantum mechanics over Rn but it may fail in non-trivial phase spaces and also suffer from ordering problems. Affine quantization is an alternative method, similar to the canonical quantization, that may offer a positive result in situations for which canonical quantization fails. In this paper we revisit the affine quantization method on the half-line. We formulate and solve some simple models, the free particle and the harmonic oscillator.
The relationship between the Dirac and reduced phase space quantizations is investigated for spin models belonging to the class of Hamiltonian systems having no gauge conditions. It is traced out that the two quantization methods may give similar, or essentially different physical results, and, moreover, it is shown that there is a class of constrained systems, which can be quantized only by the Dirac method. A possible interpretation of the gauge degrees of freedom is given. Introduction There are two main methods to quantize the Hamiltonian systems with first class constraints: the Dirac quantization [1] and the reduced phase space quantization [2], whereas two other methods, the path integral method [3, 2] and the BRST quantization [4] being the most popular method for the covariant quantization of gauge-invariant systems, are based on and proceed from them [2, 5]. The basic idea of the Dirac method consists in imposing quantum mechanically the first class constraints as operator conditions on the states for singling out the physical ones [1]. The reduced phase space quantization first identifies the physical degrees of freedom at the classical level by the factorization of the constraint surface with respect to the action of the gauge group, generated by the constraints. Then the resulting Hamiltonian system is quantized as a usual unconstrained system [2]. Naturally, the problem of the relationship of these two methods arises. It was discussed in different contexts in literature [6], and there is an opinion that the differences between the two quantization methods can be traced out to a choice of factor ordering in the construction of various physical operators.
The concept of constrained Hamiltonian dynamical systems and their quantization, introduced by Dirac, constitutes one of the most fundamental contributions to the development of the canonical formalism in recent times. Dirac’s concepts were later incorporated into the path-integral formulation of quantum mechanics by Faddeev, which played an important role in understanding some subtle aspects in the quantization of non-Abelian gauge theory. An example is given from nonrelativistic quantum mechanics which illustrates the formalism through simple analogy.
The quantization process was always tightly connected to the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics. For non-Hamiltonian systems, traditional quantization algorithms turn out to be unsuitable. Numerous attempts to quantize non-Hamiltonian systems have shown that this problem is nontrivial and requires the development of new approaches. In this paper, we present the quantization methods that do not depend upon the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics. Two approaches to the quantization of mechanical systems are considered: axiomatic and hydrodynamic. It is shown that the formal application of these approaches to the classical Hamilton-Jacobi theory allows obtaining the wave equation for the corresponding quantum system in natural way. Examples are considered that show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches, both for Hamiltonian and non-Hamiltonian systems. The spinor form of the relativistic Hamilton-Jacobi theory for classical particles is considered. It is shown that it naturally leads to the Dirac equation for the corresponding quantum particle and to its non-Hamiltonian generalization, the bispinor relativistic Kostin equation.