We present current theories about the structure of space and time, where the building blocks are some fundamental entities (yes-no experiment, quantum processes, spin net-work, preparticles) that do not presuppose the existence of space and time. The relations among these objects are the base for a pregeometry of discrete character, the continuous limit of which gives rise to the physical properties of the space and time.
We present current theories about the structure of space and time, where the building blocks are some fundamental entities (yes-no experiment, quantum processes, spin net-work, preparticles) that do not presuppose the existence of space and time. The relations among these objects are the base for a pregeometry of discrete character, the continuous limit of which gives rise to the physical properties of the space and time.
Since the time of Newton, physicists have imagined a background stage called space and time (later spacetime) permeating the entire universe. The contents of the world around us are then seen as objects embedded in this background at a defined location, and with a defined size and other properties (color, mass, spin etc.). We refer to this traditional view as the Objects in Space and Time (OST) model. It works very well for picturing classical physics; but once we move into the quantum domain it is no longer of much use. In the quantum realm objects no longer have defined locations at all times, their properties can become entangled and undefined until observed. In this paper, we seek to present an alternative to the OST model in which the weirdness of quantum phenomena goes away and is replaced by clarity, obviousness and inescapability. In this model the world is viewed as a network of fundamental processes by which indivisible units called tomas bring each other into and out of existence. We show that this model yields the same equations and predictions as the current OST-based formalism of quantum mechanics. While not contradicting the success of quantum theory, the toma model lets us get rid of the weirdness of the quantum world and understand reality at a deeper level than the OST model. We illustrate this by discussing two classic quantum experiments and their interpretations.
Our representations about space and time, even considering their «a priori» status according to Kant, change over time. Their evolution necessarily accompa-nies the development of our knowledge of physical reality. The article describes the representations of space and time that allows not only to unambiguously inter-pret the effects of quantum mechanics, but also to build a model of the bases of physical reality, the development of which, according to the author, can lead to the creation of a unified physical theory of the microworld. Within the framework of this model, the discreteness of space and time is asserted, from which the proba-bilistic nature of elementary motion follows with necessity; geometry is distin-guished into the inextricably linked continual geometry of Being and the discrete geometry of Existing, and time becomes the absolute invariant of Existing.
From the dawn of civilization Humans struggled to understand and explain their environment. The process of that struggle resulted in various branches of investigations and knowledge, which Humans denote as Science. Because the Human mind, which created this Science, is by itself composed of components which might be the same components that the environment is also composed of, Humans might be bound to never being able to understand and explain completely this environment, which is also denoted as the Existence, because one cannot explain an issue, if that explanation relies on this same issue. Nevertheless, Humans were still able to build a magnificent structure, of knowledge and explanations, which, as mentioned above, is denoted as Science which is still an ongoing endeavor, which continuously expands, reveals and explains more and more secrets embedded in the Existence. However, the nowadays Physics, which is the branch of Science which specifically focuses on understanding and explaining the Existence, is still composed of branches which are not fully compatible. One of these branches is the branch denoted as the Classic Physics, which focuses on understanding and explaining what is denoted as the Macroscopic Environment. Another such branch is the branch denoted as the Quantum Physics, which focuses on understanding and explaining what is denoted as the Microscopic Environment. And, as presented above, these two branches of Physics are not fully compatible, and Humans are still struggling, to expand the knowledge that might bridge the gap that still exists between these two branches of Physics. Moreover, even the branch of the Classic Physics itself, still embeds branches which are also not fully compatible, as for example, the Gravity and the Electromagnetism, and more must be done to bridge the gap that exists also between these two branches, which both belong, as stated above, to the branch of the Classic Physics. In the process of building the above-mentioned magnificent structure of Science, Humans detected in the Existence various components, and denoted these components as Entities, and used these Entities as the building blocks on which the Science of Physics was constructed. Two such Entities are the Entity of Space and the Entity of Time, which together were interweaved into one Entity, denoted as Einstein's four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity, by the Relativity Theories of Einstein. The branch of Classic Physics relates to the four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity as a real component, that really exists in the environment, or the Existence. Moreover, the branch of Classic Physics states that the environment embeds just one single four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity which is a real component of the environment, that really exists in the environment. However, this paper argues, that the branch of Quantum Physics, might also imply that the above-mentioned four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity might not be a component that really exists in the environment, or the Existence. Moreover, this paper also argues, that although the nowadays branch of Classic Physics does state that the four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity is a real existing Entity, a contrary conclusion can be also derived, a conclusion that the four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity might not be a component that really exists in the environment, or the Existence, and that contrary conclusion can be also derived from arguments based only on the nowadays Classic Physics. Thus, if it can be concluded that arguments based only on the Classic Physics might imply that the four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity does not really exists in the Existence, a conclusion which might be also in line, and compatible, with what the Quantum Physics also implies, then, by abandoning the conclusion that the four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity is a component that really exists in the environment, and by validating the assumption that the four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity might be only a facet or an attribute of another component of the Existence, which the Science of Physics denotes as Energy, this might provide also a lead for starting some bridging between the Classic Physics and the Quantum Physics, which, as already stated above, are still significantly incompatible.
From the dawn of civilization Humans struggled to understand and explain their environment. The process of that struggle resulted in various branches of investigations and knowledge, which Humans denote as Science. Because the Human mind, which created this Science, is by itself composed of components which might be the same components that the environment is also composed of, Humans might be bound to never being able to understand and explain completely this environment, which is also denoted as the Existence, because one cannot explain an issue, if that explanation relies on this same issue. Nevertheless, Humans were still able to build a magnificent structure, of knowledge and explanations, which, as mentioned above, is denoted as Science which is still an ongoing endeavor, which continuously expands, reveals and explains more and more secrets embedded in the Existence. However, the nowadays Physics, which is the branch of Science which specifically focuses on understanding and explaining the Existence, is still composed of branches which are not fully compatible. One of these branches is the branch denoted as the Classic Physics, which focuses on understanding and explaining what is denoted as the Macroscopic Environment. Another such branch is the branch denoted as the Quantum Physics, which focuses on understanding and explaining what is denoted as the Microscopic Environment. And, as presented above, these two branches of Physics are not fully compatible, and Humans are still struggling, to expand the knowledge that might bridge the gap that still exists between these two branches of Physics. Moreover, even the branch of the Classic Physics itself, still embeds branches which are also not fully compatible, as for example, the Gravity and the Electromagnetism, and more must be done to bridge the gap that exists also between these two branches, which both belong, as stated above, to the branch of the Classic Physics. In the process of building the above-mentioned magnificent structure of Science, Humans detected in the Existence various components, and denoted these components as Entities, and used these Entities as the building blocks on which the Science of Physics was constructed. Two such Entities are the Entity of Space and the Entity of Time, which together were interweaved into one Entity, denoted as Einstein's four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity, by the Relativity Theories of Einstein. The branch of Classic Physics relates to the four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity as a real component, that really exists in the environment, or the Existence. Moreover, the branch of Classic Physics states that the environment embeds just one single four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity which is a real component of the environment, that really exists in the environment. However, this paper argues, that the branch of Quantum Physics, might also imply that the above-mentioned four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity might not be a component that really exists in the environment, or the Existence. Moreover, this paper also argues, that although the nowadays branch of Classic Physics does state that the four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity is a real existing Entity, a contrary conclusion can be also derived, a conclusion that the four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity might not be a component that really exists in the environment, or the Existence, and that contrary conclusion can be also derived from arguments based only on the nowadays Classic Physics. Thus, if it can be concluded that arguments based only on the Classic Physics might imply that the four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity does not really exists in the Existence, a conclusion which might be also in line, and compatible, with what the Quantum Physics also implies, then, by abandoning the conclusion that the four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity is a component that really exists in the environment, and by validating the assumption that the four-dimensional Interwoven Space-Time Entity might be only a facet or an attribute of another component of the Existence, which the Science of Physics denotes as Energy, this might provide also a lead for starting some bridging between the Classic Physics and the Quantum Physics, which, as already stated above, are still significantly incompatible.
Preface Space-Time Geometry & Quantum Events The Transaction as a Quantum Concept Stochastic Foundation of Quantum Mechanics & the Origin of Particle Spin Fractal Space-Time as an Underlying Structure of the Standard Model Relativity of Scales, Fractal Space & Quantum Potentials Three Possible Implications of Space-Time Discreteness Quantum Computing Space-Time Metric Gauge Fields in Deformed Special Relativity Non-Local Granular Space-Time Foam as an Ultimate Arena at the Planck Scale Structural Approach to the Elementary Particle Theory Forming Physical Fields & Pseudometric & Metric Manifolds. Noncommutativity & Discrete Structures in Classical & Quantum Physics Index.