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arXiv:cond-mat/9908289

Mixed-spin cluster expansion for a quasi-one-dimensional Haldane system

Akihisa Koga, Norio Kawakami

Published Aug 20, 1999• 0 citations
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Abstract

We present a novel mixed-spin cluster expansion method for a quasi-one-dimensional Haldane system with bond alternation. By mapping the s=1 antiferromagnetic spin model on square and cubic lattices to the equivalent mixed-spin model, we study the competition among the Haldane, the dimer and the magnetically ordered phases. The mixed-spin cluster expansion proposed here allows us to directly deal with the Haldane phase, which may not be reached by standard series expansion methods. The phase diagram is determined rather precisely by making use of an additional symmetry property in the effective mixed-spin model introduced.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/9908289

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We present a novel mixed-spin cluster expansion method for a quasi-one-dimensional Haldane system with bond alternation. By mapping the s=1 antiferromagnetic spin model on square and cubic lattices to the equivalent mixed-spin model, we study the competition among the Haldane, the dimer and the magnetically ordered phases. The mixed-spin cluster expansion proposed here allows us to directly deal with the Haldane phase, which may not be reached by standard series expansion methods. The phase diagram is determined rather precisely by making use of an additional symmetry property in the effective mixed-spin model introduced.
We present a mixed-spin cluster expansion method to discuss the quantum phase transitions for the Haldane system in two and three dimensions. By mapping the s=1s=1s=1 antiferromagnetic spin model on square and cubic lattices to the equivalent mixed-spin model, we study the competition among the Haldane, the dimer, and the magnetically ordered phases. The mixed-spin cluster expansion proposed here realizes the notion of the valence bond solid in a perturbation theory. This method allows us to directly deal with the Haldane phase, which may not be reached by standard series expansion methods. The zero-temperature phase diagram is thus determined rather precisely for the two- and three-dimensional Haldane systems.
We review the basic properties of the Haldane phase in spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains, including its persistence in quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) geometries. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we map out the phase diagram for a realistic model applicable to experimental Haldane compounds. We also investigate the effect of different chain coupling geometries and confirm a general mean-field universality of the critical coupling times the coordination number of the lattice. Inspired by recent developments in the characterization of symmetry protected topological (SPT) states, of which the Haldane phase of the spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain is a preeminent example, we provide direct evidence that the Q1D Haldane phase is indeed a nontrivial SPT state.
We consider a quasi-one-dimensional system of spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains in two-dimensional and three-dimensional hypercubic lattices with interchain coupling J and uniaxial single-ion anisotropy D. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we map out the J-D phase diagram and investigate the low-lying excitations of the Haldane phase in the J≪1 limit. We also provide direct evidence that the Haldane phase remains a nontrivial symmetry-protected topological state for small but finite J.
We use linked-cluster expansions to analyze the quantum phase transitions between symmetry-unbroken trivial and topological Haldane phases in two different spin-one chains. The first model is the spin-one Heisenberg chain in the presence of a single-ion anisotropy, while the second one is the dimerized spin-one Heisenberg chain. For both models, we determine the ground-state energy and the one-particle gap inside the nontopological phase as a high-order series using perturbative continuous unitary transformations. Extrapolations of the gap series are applied to locate the quantum critical point and to extract the associated critical exponent. We find that this approach works unsatisfactorily for the anisotropic chain, since the quality of the extrapolation appears insufficient due to the large correlation length exponent. In contrast, extrapolation schemes display very good convergence for the gap closing in the case of the dimerized spin-one Heisenberg chain.
Recent experiments on the quasi-one-dimensional (1D) antiferromagnets R2BaNiO5(R{R}_{2}{\mathrm{BaNiO}}_{5} (RR2​BaNiO5​(R=rare earth) have shown the existence of purely 1D Haldane gap excitations propagating on the Ni chains. Below an ordering temperature, the gap excitations survive and coexist with the conventional spin waves in the ordered phase. We construct a model mixed-spin system in 2D for which the ground state can be exactly specified. Using the matrix product method, we show the existence of Haldane gap excitations in the ordered phase. We consider different cases of ordering to study the effect of ordering on the degeneracy of the Haldane gap excitations.
We examine the ground state and the excitations of an one-dimensional Heisenberg spin 1/2 antiferromagnet with alternating dimers and four-spin plaquettes (dimer-plaquette chain). The properties of the system depend on the competing dimer and plaquette bonds. Several exact, exact-numerical and perturbational results are presented. We find that the system is gapped for all parameter values. For the latter one we find an effective S=1 Haldane like behaviour in the limit of dominating dimer bonds. The model considered is related to the recently found 1/5-depleted square-lattice Heisenberg system CaV4O9CaV_4O_9CaV4​O9​.