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arXiv:1402.0667 · Physical Review Letters

Quenching the Haldane Gap in Spin-1 Heisenberg Antiferromagnets

Keola Wierschem, Pinaki Sengupta

Published Jun 20, 2014• 65 citations
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Abstract

We consider a quasi-one-dimensional system of spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains in two-dimensional and three-dimensional hypercubic lattices with interchain coupling J and uniaxial single-ion anisotropy D. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we map out the J-D phase diagram and investigate the low-lying excitations of the Haldane phase in the J≪1 limit. We also provide direct evidence that the Haldane phase remains a nontrivial symmetry-protected topological state for small but finite J.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.112.247203

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We consider a quasi-one-dimensional system of spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains in two-dimensional and three-dimensional hypercubic lattices with interchain coupling J and uniaxial single-ion anisotropy D. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we map out the J-D phase diagram and investigate the low-lying excitations of the Haldane phase in the J≪1 limit. We also provide direct evidence that the Haldane phase remains a nontrivial symmetry-protected topological state for small but finite J.
We review the basic properties of the Haldane phase in spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains, including its persistence in quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) geometries. Using large-scale numerical simulations, we map out the phase diagram for a realistic model applicable to experimental Haldane compounds. We also investigate the effect of different chain coupling geometries and confirm a general mean-field universality of the critical coupling times the coordination number of the lattice. Inspired by recent developments in the characterization of symmetry protected topological (SPT) states, of which the Haldane phase of the spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain is a preeminent example, we provide direct evidence that the Q1D Haldane phase is indeed a nontrivial SPT state.
We study the quenching of the Haldane gap in quasi-one-dimensional systems of weakly coupled spin-1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains. The critical interchain coupling Jc required to stabilize long range magnetic order can be accurately determined from large scale quantum Monte Carlo calculations. Several different geometries of coupled chains are studied, illustrating the dependence of Jc on the coordination of chains. For bipartite geometries, ferromagnetically coupled chains yield similar magnitudes for Jc.
We study the quenching of the Haldane gap in quasi-one-dimensional systems of weakly coupled spin-1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains. The critical interchain coupling Jc required to stabilize long range magnetic order can be accurately determined from large scale quantum Monte Carlo calculations. Several different geometries of coupled chains are studied, illustrating the dependence of Jc on the coordination of chains. For bipartite geometries, ferromagnetically coupled chains yield similar magnitudes for Jc.
We reexamine the one-dimensional spin-1 XXZXXZXXZ model with on-site uniaxial single-ion anisotropy as to the appearance and characterization of the symmetry-protected topological Haldane phase. By means of large-scale density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations the central charge can be determined numerically via the von Neumann entropy, from which the ground-state phase diagram of the model can be derived with high precision. The nontrivial gapped Haldane phase shows up in between the trivial gapped even Haldane and N\'eel phases, appearing at large single-ion and spin-exchange interaction anisotropies, respectively. We furthermore carve out a characteristic degeneracy of the lowest entanglement level in the topological Haldane phase, which is determined using a conventional finite-system DMRG technique with both periodic and open boundary conditions. Defining the spin and neutral gaps in analogy to the single-particle and neutral gaps in the intimately connected extended Bose-Hubbard model, we show that the excitation gaps in the spin model qualitatively behave just as for the bosonic system. We finally compute the dynamical spin structure factor in the three different gapped phases and find significant differences in the intensity maximum which might be used to distinguish these phases experimentally.
We study the dynamical spin excitations of the one-dimensional S=1S=1S=1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain with single-ion anisotropy by using quantum Monte Carlo simulations and stochastic analytic continuation of imaginary-time correlation function. Using the transverse dynamic spin structure factor, we observe the quantum phase transition with a critical point between the topological Haldane gapped phase and the trivial phase. At the quantum critical point, we find a broad continuum characterized by the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, and its dynamical signatures are similar to a S=1/2S=1/2S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain. The broad continuum can be seen as a dynamical signature of spinons. We further identify that the elementary excitations are fractionalized spinons in the critical state.
The ground-state phase diagram of a frustrated S=1 Heisenberg spin chain with uniaxial single-ion-type anisotropy is studied using the infinite-system density-matrix renormalization-group method. Particular attention is paid to "chiral" phases, in which the long-range order parameter is a vector chirality. It is found that, in addition to the Haldane, large-D (LD), and double-Haldane phases, the phase diagram includes three different chiral phases, i.e., the gapless chiral, chiral-Haldane, and chiral-LD phases. These chiral phases are distinguished from each other by the energy gap and the string long-range order.