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arXiv:cond-mat/9906288 · Physical Review Letters

Watching a Superfluid Untwist Itself: Recurrence of Rabi Oscillations in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

M. R. Matthews, Brian P. Anderson, P. C. Haljan, David S. Hall, Murray Holland, JAMES E. JUN. WILLIAMS, Carl Wieman, Eric Cornell

Published Oct 25, 1999• 273 citations
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Abstract

The order parameter of a condensate with two internal states can continuously distort in such a way as to remove twists that have been imposed along its length. We observe this effect experimentally in the collapse and recurrence of Rabi oscillations in a magnetically trapped, two-component Bose-Einstein condensate of ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.83.3358

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The order parameter of a condensate with two internal states can continuously distort in such a way as to remove twists that have been imposed along its length. We observe this effect experimentally in the collapse and recurrence of Rabi oscillations in a magnetically trapped, two-component Bose-Einstein condensate of 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb.
Summary form only given. Recent elegant experimental observations of Rabi-type oscillations in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of 87Rb brings up an issue of collapse and revival in BEC which has resisted any conventional theoretical analysis. Though a heuristic argument using "twists" of an SU(2) order parameter was given in, the fundamental dynamics of the observed oscillations has not been understood. In this talk, we present a resolution to this problem in terms a new model of BEC dynamics. We go beyond revival analysis to present a new quantum mechanical picture of the multicomponent BEC physics based on a strong confinement model, which explains experimentally observed features quite well. We show that the coupled Gross-Pitaevski (GP) equations for the two-component Bose-Einstein condensate can be decoupled by a time-dependent dressing transformation.
Two internal hyperfine states of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a dilute magnetically trapped gas of 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms are strongly coupled by an external field that drives Rabi oscillations between the internal states. Due to their different magnetic moments and the force of gravity, the trapping potentials for the two states are offset along the vertical axis, so that the dynamics of the internal and external degrees of freedom are inseparable. The rapid cycling between internal atomic states in the displaced traps results in an adiabatic transfer of population from the condensate ground state to its first antisymmetric topological state. This has a pronounced effect on the internal Rabi oscillations, modulating the fringe visibility in a manner reminiscent of collapses and revivals. We present a detailed theoretical description based on zero-temperature mean-field theory.