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WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks

Watching a Superfluid Untwist Itself: Recurrence of Rabi Oscillations in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

M. R. Matthews, Brian P. Anderson, P. C. Haljan, David S. Hall, Murray Holland, JAMES E. JUN. WILLIAMS, Carl Wieman, Eric Cornell

Published Jan 1, 2008• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The order parameter of a condensate with two internal states can continuously distort in such a way as to remove twists that have been imposed along its length.We observe this effect experimentally in the collapse and recurrence of Rabi oscillations in a magnetically trapped, two-component Bose-Einstein condensate of 87 Rb.
DOI
10.1142/9789812813787_0076

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The order parameter of a condensate with two internal states can continuously distort in such a way as to remove twists that have been imposed along its length. We observe this effect experimentally in the collapse and recurrence of Rabi oscillations in a magnetically trapped, two-component Bose-Einstein condensate of 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb.
Summary form only given. Recent elegant experimental observations of Rabi-type oscillations in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of 87Rb brings up an issue of collapse and revival in BEC which has resisted any conventional theoretical analysis. Though a heuristic argument using "twists" of an SU(2) order parameter was given in, the fundamental dynamics of the observed oscillations has not been understood. In this talk, we present a resolution to this problem in terms a new model of BEC dynamics. We go beyond revival analysis to present a new quantum mechanical picture of the multicomponent BEC physics based on a strong confinement model, which explains experimentally observed features quite well. We show that the coupled Gross-Pitaevski (GP) equations for the two-component Bose-Einstein condensate can be decoupled by a time-dependent dressing transformation.
Bose-Einstein condensates present to us the opportunity to probe into the atomic interac- tions that govern a macroscopic quantum mechanical system. The degenerate hyperfine manifold in the bosonic atoms splits in the presence of an external B-field; radio-frequency induced coupling releases experimentally-attainable knowledge about the Zeeman mani- fold in 87Rb. The purpose of this study is to investigate quantum dynamics in two and three-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) systems. We start with a theoretical analysis of Josephson tunneling dynamics between identical BECs trapped in a double potential well, paying particular attention to the non-linear self-trapping effect observed as a consequence of the intra-well interaction. We present a model for the non-equilibrium dynamics in a two-level system and introduce the Rabi oscillations. This is followed by a numerical and experimental investigation of Rabi oscillations in a three-level 87Rb BEC between the F = 1 hyperfine level spin states mF = {1, 0, 1}. The relation between the observed total Rabi frequency and the detuning, along with its effect on the BEC population dynamics is explored. Finally, we explore the possible suspects for the shift of the resonance at strong Rabi frequencies .