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arXiv:cond-mat/0504643 · Physical Review Letters

Thermally Driven Josephson Oscillations in Superfluid H4e

Emile Hoskinson, R. E. Packard

Published Apr 22, 2005• 12 citations
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Abstract

We find that a temperature differential can drive superfluid oscillations in 4He. The oscillations are excited by a heater which causes a time dependent temperature differential across an array of 70 nm apertures. By measuring the oscillation frequency and simultaneously determining both temperature and pressure differentials we prove the validity of the most general form of the Josephson frequency relation. These observations were made near saturated vapor pressure, within a few mK of the superfluid transition temperature.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.94.155303

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We find that a temperature differential can drive superfluid oscillations in 4He. The oscillations are excited by a heater which causes a time dependent temperature differential across an array of 70 nm apertures. By measuring the oscillation frequency and simultaneously determining both temperature and pressure differentials we prove the validity of the most general form of the Josephson frequency relation. These observations were made near saturated vapor pressure, within a few mK of the superfluid transition temperature.
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© 2022 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.We numerically demonstrate and characterize the emergence of distinct dynamical regimes of a finite-temperature bosonic superfluid in an elongated Josephson junction generated by a thin Gaussian barrier over the entire temperature range where a well-formed condensate can be clearly identified. Although the dissipation arising from the coupling of the superfluid to the dynamical thermal cloud increases with increasing temperature as expected, the importance of this mechanism is found to depend on two physical parameters associated (i) with the initial chemical potential difference, compared to some characteristic value, and (ii) the ratio of the thermal energy to the barrier amplitude. The former determines whether the superfluid Josephson dynamics are dominated by gradually damped plasmalike oscillations (for relatively small initial population imbalances), or whether dissipation at early times is instead dominated by vortex- and sound-induced dissipation (for larger initial imbalances). The latter defines the effect of the thermal cloud on the condensate dynamics, with a reversal of roles, i.e., the condensate being driven by the oscillating thermal cloud, being observed when the thermal particles acquire enough energy to overcome the barrier. Our findings are within current experimental reach in ultracold superfluid junctions.
Arrays of nanoscale apertures have been found to exhibit fascinating quantum phenomena such as the Josephson effect and collective quantized phase-slippage. To be in the Josephson regime, the aperture size must be comparable to the healing length of the 4He order parameter. For 50nm apertures this regime is attained ∼mK below T λ . Collective phase slippage occurs at considerably lower temperatures. Fabricating aperture arrays with appropriate properties (strength, temporal stability and reproducibility) at these length scales has been a long-standing goal for our group. Here, we present the techniques used thus far, based on recent work performed at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility. We discuss some issues that arise and their possible solutions.
We have investigated the dynamics of superfluid phase slippage in an array of apertures. The magnitude of the dissipative phase slips shows that they occur simultaneously in all the apertures when the temperature is near ${T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}\ensuremath{-}T\ensuremath{\approx}10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$ and subsequently lose their simultaneity as the temperature is lowered. We describe three experiments to probe the mechanisms underlying the synchronous behavior. The results raise fundamental questions about the dynamics of phase slippage in a multiply connected geometry.