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Physical Review Letters

Direct Observation of Dynamical Bifurcation in a Superfluid Josephson Junction

Supradeep Narayana, Yuki Sato

Published Nov 11, 2010• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a direct observation of dynamical bifurcation between two plasma oscillation states of a superfluid Josephson junction. We excite the superfluid plasma resonance into a nonlinear regime by driving below the natural plasma frequency and observe a clear transition between two dynamical states. We also demonstrate bifurcation by changing the potential well with temperature variations.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.105.205302

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•Dec 7, 2020•0 citations
We report a direct observation of dynamical bifurcation between two plasma oscillation states of a superfluid Josephson junction. We excite the superfluid plasma resonance into a nonlinear regime by driving below the natural plasma frequency and observe a clear transition between two dynamical states. We also demonstrate bifurcation by changing the potential well with temperature variations.
We performed a novel phase-sensitive microwave reflection experiment which directly probes the dynamics of the Josephson plasma resonance in both the linear and the nonlinear regime. When the junction was driven below the plasma frequency into the nonlinear regime, we observed for the first time the transition between two different dynamical states predicted for nonlinear systems. In our experiment, this transition appears as an abrupt change in the reflected signal phase at a critical excitation power. This controlled dynamical switching can form the basis of a sensitive amplifier, in particular, for the readout of superconducting qubits.
We performed a novel phase sensitive microwave reflection experiment which directly probes the dynamics of the Josephson plasma resonance in both the linear and non-linear regime. When the junction was driven below the plasma frequency into the non-linear regime, we observed for the first time the transition between two different dynamical states predicted for non-linear systems. In our experiment, this transition appears as an abrupt change in the reflected signal phase at a critical excitation power.
We theoretically study a nonlinear Josephson oscillator (Josephson junction) in the effective potential, which form is a result of a driving current. We first consider the phase dynamics in the classical regime and then explore the problem in the quantum regime by solving the energy eigenvalue problem. Here we are going to pay special attention to the study of the effects of switching between the states of a nonlinear oscillator separated by a separatrix. For this purpose, we consider controlling the oscillator with a "two-color" current. In the classical view, the first high-frequency current component brings the oscillator to the bifurcation point. A second modulated high-frequency component produces a programmed system switching. A similar scenario is considered in the quantum regime.
Abstract We provide a complete study of the phase diagram characterising the distinct dynamical regimes emerging in a three-dimensional Josephson junction in an ultracold quantum gas. Considering trapped ultracold superfluids separated into two reservoirs by a barrier of variable height and width, we analyse the population imbalance dynamics following a variable initial population mismatch. We demonstrate that as the chemical potential difference is increased, the system transitions from Josephson plasma oscillations to either a dissipative (in the limit of low and narrow barriers) or a self-trapped regime (for large and wider barriers), with a crossover between the dissipative and the self-trapping regimes which we explore and characterize for the first time. This work, which extends beyond the validity of the standard two-mode model, connects the role of the barrier width, vortex rings and associated acoustic emission with different regimes of the superfluid dynamics across the junction, establishing a framework for its experimental observation, which is found to be within current experimental reach.
A Josephson tunnel junction which is rf driven near a dynamical bifurcation point can amplify quantum signals. However, the bifurcation point will exist robustly only if the electrodynamic environment of the junction meets certain criteria. We develop a general formalism for dealing with the nonlinear dynamics of a Josephson junction embedded in an arbitrary microwave circuit. We find sufficient conditions for the existence of the bifurcation regime: (a) the embedding impedance of the junction needs to present a resonance at a particular frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{R}$, with the quality factor QQQ of the resonance and the participation ratio ppp of the junction satisfying Qp⪢1Qp⪢1Qp⪢1, and (b) the drive frequency should be low frequency detuned away from ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{R}$ by more than $\sqrt{3}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{R}∕(2Q)$.
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Institute of Physics and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.We provide a complete study of the phase diagram characterising the distinct dynamical regimes emerging in a three-dimensional Josephson junction in an ultracold quantum gas. Considering trapped ultracold superfluids separated into two reservoirs by a barrier of variable height and width, we analyse the population imbalance dynamics following a variable initial population mismatch. We demonstrate that as the chemical potential difference is increased, the system transitions from Josephson plasma oscillations to either a dissipative (in the limit of low and narrow barriers) or a self-trapped regime (for large and wider barriers), with a crossover between the dissipative and the self-trapping regimes which we explore and characterize for the first time. This work, which extends beyond the validity of the standard two-mode model, connects the role of the barrier width, vortex rings and associated acoustic emission with different regimes of the superfluid dynamics across the junction, establishing a framework for its experimental observation, which is found to be within current experimental reach.