Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:cond-mat/0605660 · Physical Review B

Transition from synchronous to asynchronous superfluid phase slippage in an aperture array

Yuki Sato, Emile Hoskinson, R. E. Packard

Published Oct 5, 2006• 16 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We have investigated the dynamics of superfluid phase slippage in an array of apertures. The magnitude of the dissipative phase slips shows that they occur simultaneously in all the apertures when the temperature is near ${T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}\ensuremath{-}T\ensuremath{\approx}10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$ and subsequently lose their simultaneity as the temperature is lowered. We describe three experiments to probe the mechanisms underlying the synchronous behavior. The results raise fundamental questions about the dynamics of phase slippage in a multiply connected geometry.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.74.144502

Related papers

Fabricating nanoscale aperture arrays for superfluid helium-4 weak link experiments

Aditya Joshi, Yuki Sato, R. E. Packard

Arrays of nanoscale apertures have been found to exhibit fascinating quantum phenomena such as the Josephson effect and collective quantized phase-slippage. To be in the Josephson regime, the aperture size must be comparable to the healing length of the 4He order parameter. For 50nm apertures this regime is attained ∼mK below T λ . Collective phase slippage occurs at considerably lower temperatures. Fabricating aperture arrays with appropriate properties (strength, temporal stability and reproducibility) at these length scales has been a long-standing goal for our group. Here, we present the techniques used thus far, based on recent work performed at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility. We discuss some issues that arise and their possible solutions.

Journal of Physics Conference Series•Feb 1, 2009•4 citations

Scenario for a quantum phase slip in superfluid He4

S. Burkhart, M. Bernard, Olivier Avenel +1 more

Slips of the superfluid wave-function phase occur when the flow velocity through an aperture exceeds a critical threshold ${\mathit{v}}_{\mathit{c}}$. We propose a phase slip mechanism in which a microscopic vortex half ring is nucleated at the wall of the aperture. Its subsequent trajectory is described. The properties of the vortex close to the wall are inferred from the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and yield, at T\ensuremath{\sim}0.1 K, a vortex radius at nucleation of 14 \AA{} and a critical velocity of 21 m/s, in agreement with experiment.

Physical Review Letters•Jan 17, 1994•30 citations

Connecting Dissipation and Phase Slips in a Josephson Junction between Fermionic Superfluids

A. Burchianti, Francesco Scazza, Andrea Amico +6 more

We study the emergence of dissipation in an atomic Josephson junction between weakly coupled superfluid Fermi gases. We find that vortex-induced phase slippage is the dominant microscopic source of dissipation across the Bose-Einstein condensate-Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer crossover. We explore different dynamical regimes by tuning the bias chemical potential between the two superfluid reservoirs. For small excitations, we observe dissipation and phase coherence to coexist, with a resistive current followed by well-defined Josephson oscillations. We link the junction transport properties to the phase-slippage mechanism, finding that vortex nucleation is primarily responsible for the observed trends of conductance and critical current. For large excitations, we observe the irreversible loss of coherence between the two superfluids, and transport cannot be described only within an uncorrelated phase-slip picture. Our findings open new directions for investigating the interplay between dissipative and superfluid transport in strongly correlated Fermi systems, and general concepts in out-of-equilibrium quantum systems.

arXiv:1707.02784•Physical Review Letters•Jan 12, 2018•90 citations

Vortex leapfrogging and superfluid dissipation mechanisms in a fluid of light

Myrann Baker-Rasooli, Nathan du Toit, Nicolas Pavloff +1 more

We report the experimental observation of vortex leapfrogging in a two-dimensional fluid of light. By imprinting two vortex-antivortex pairs and tracking their real-time evolution through phase-resolved imaging, we observe a dynamics that is accurately described by a point-vortex model with an outward background flow. By precisely controlling the initial vortex separation, we identify configurations in which leapfrogging breaks down and determine the corresponding dissipation mechanisms. The first originates from phase-slip events occurring at large injected velocities. The second arises when the injection of multi-charged vortices leads to the formation of a dispersive shock wave which acts as a continuous source of phase slippage. These mechanisms advance our understanding of vortex dynamics and dissipation in superfluids.

cond-mat.quant-gasCross-listedarXiv:2512.07935•Dec 10, 2025

Quantum Coherence in a Superfluid Josephson Junction

Supradeep Narayana, Yuki Sato

We report a new kind of experiment in which we take an array of nanoscale apertures that form a superfluid (4)He Josephson junction and apply quantum phase gradients directly along the array. We observe collective coherent behaviors from aperture elements, leading to quantum interference. Connections to superconducting and Bose-Einstein condensate Josephson junctions as well as phase coherence among the superfluid aperture array are discussed.

Physical Review Letters•Feb 2, 2011•8 citations

Phase slips and vortex dynamics in Josephson oscillations between Bose-Einstein condensates

Marta Abad, M. Guilleumas, R. Mayol +3 more

We study the relation between Josephson dynamics and topological excitations in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a double-well trap. We show that the phase slips responsible for the self-trapping regime are created by vortex rings entering and annihilating inside the weak-link region or created at the center of the barrier and expanding outside the system. Large amplitude oscillations just before the onset of self-trapping are also strictly connected with the dynamics of vortex rings at the edges of the inter-well barrier. Our results extend and analyze the dynamics of the vortex-induced phase slippages suggested a few decades ago in relation to the "ac" Josephson effect of superconducting and superfluid helium systems.

arXiv:1409.5598•Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Feb 1, 2015•30 citations
We have investigated the dynamics of superfluid phase slippage in an array of apertures. The magnitude of the dissipative phase slips shows that they occur simultaneously in all the apertures when the temperature is near T\ensuremathλ\ensuremath−T\ensuremath≈10mK{T}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}\ensuremath{-}T\ensuremath{\approx}10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}T\ensuremathλ​\ensuremath−T\ensuremath≈10mK and subsequently lose their simultaneity as the temperature is lowered. We describe three experiments to probe the mechanisms underlying the synchronous behavior. The results raise fundamental questions about the dynamics of phase slippage in a multiply connected geometry.
Arrays of nanoscale apertures have been found to exhibit fascinating quantum phenomena such as the Josephson effect and collective quantized phase-slippage. To be in the Josephson regime, the aperture size must be comparable to the healing length of the 4He order parameter. For 50nm apertures this regime is attained ∼mK below T λ . Collective phase slippage occurs at considerably lower temperatures. Fabricating aperture arrays with appropriate properties (strength, temporal stability and reproducibility) at these length scales has been a long-standing goal for our group. Here, we present the techniques used thus far, based on recent work performed at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility. We discuss some issues that arise and their possible solutions.
Slips of the superfluid wave-function phase occur when the flow velocity through an aperture exceeds a critical threshold vc{\mathit{v}}_{\mathit{c}}vc​. We propose a phase slip mechanism in which a microscopic vortex half ring is nucleated at the wall of the aperture. Its subsequent trajectory is described. The properties of the vortex close to the wall are inferred from the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and yield, at T\ensuremath{\sim}0.1 K, a vortex radius at nucleation of 14 \AA{} and a critical velocity of 21 m/s, in agreement with experiment.
We study the emergence of dissipation in an atomic Josephson junction between weakly coupled superfluid Fermi gases. We find that vortex-induced phase slippage is the dominant microscopic source of dissipation across the Bose-Einstein condensate-Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer crossover. We explore different dynamical regimes by tuning the bias chemical potential between the two superfluid reservoirs. For small excitations, we observe dissipation and phase coherence to coexist, with a resistive current followed by well-defined Josephson oscillations. We link the junction transport properties to the phase-slippage mechanism, finding that vortex nucleation is primarily responsible for the observed trends of conductance and critical current. For large excitations, we observe the irreversible loss of coherence between the two superfluids, and transport cannot be described only within an uncorrelated phase-slip picture. Our findings open new directions for investigating the interplay between dissipative and superfluid transport in strongly correlated Fermi systems, and general concepts in out-of-equilibrium quantum systems.
We report the experimental observation of vortex leapfrogging in a two-dimensional fluid of light. By imprinting two vortex-antivortex pairs and tracking their real-time evolution through phase-resolved imaging, we observe a dynamics that is accurately described by a point-vortex model with an outward background flow. By precisely controlling the initial vortex separation, we identify configurations in which leapfrogging breaks down and determine the corresponding dissipation mechanisms. The first originates from phase-slip events occurring at large injected velocities. The second arises when the injection of multi-charged vortices leads to the formation of a dispersive shock wave which acts as a continuous source of phase slippage. These mechanisms advance our understanding of vortex dynamics and dissipation in superfluids.
We study the relation between Josephson dynamics and topological excitations in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a double-well trap. We show that the phase slips responsible for the self-trapping regime are created by vortex rings entering and annihilating inside the weak-link region or created at the center of the barrier and expanding outside the system. Large amplitude oscillations just before the onset of self-trapping are also strictly connected with the dynamics of vortex rings at the edges of the inter-well barrier. Our results extend and analyze the dynamics of the vortex-induced phase slippages suggested a few decades ago in relation to the "ac" Josephson effect of superconducting and superfluid helium systems.