Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:cond-mat/0405514 · Physical Review A

Theory of collective Raman scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate

Mary M. Cola, N. Piovella

Published Oct 14, 2004• 23 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Recent experiments have demonstrated superradiant Raman scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate driven by a single off-resonant laser beam. We present a quantum theory describing this phenomenon, showing Raman amplification of matter wave due to collective atomic recoil from 3-level atoms in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-configuration. When atoms are initially in a single lower internal state, a closed two-level system is realized between atoms with different internal states, and entangled atom-photon pairs can be generated. When atoms are initially prepared in both the lower internal states, a fraction of atoms recoiling in the backward direction can be generated.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.70.045601

Related papers

Superradiant Rayleigh Scattering from a Bose-Einstein Condensate

S. Inouye, A. P. Chikkatur, Dan Stamper-Kurn +3 more

Rayleigh scattering off a Bose-Einstein condensate was studied. Exposing an elongated condensate to a single off-resonant laser beam resulted in the observation of highly directional scattering of light and atoms. This collective light scattering is caused by the coherent center-of-mass motion of the atoms in the condensate. A directional beam of recoiling atoms was built up by matter wave amplification.

Science•Jul 23, 1999•538 citations

Resonant Raman super-radiance in a Bose–Einstein condensate with two internal states

Xu Xu, Xiaoji Zhou, Xuzong Chen

A general semi-classical theory for the super-radiance in a Bose–Einstein condensate with two internal states is given. In the case dominated by Rayleigh-forward and Raman-backward processes, a large number of backward recoiling atoms can be generated by one frequency laser. Moreover, this scheme could be used to measure the scattered light spectrum, via the control of the energy difference between two internal states, and to confirm the process of forward and resonant backward recoil.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Aug 7, 2008•1 citation

Collective atomic recoil in a moving Bose-Einstein condensate: From superradiance to Bragg scattering

L. Fallani, C. Fort, N. Piovella +4 more

We present the results of an experiment on light scattering from an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) interacting with a far-off-resonant pump laser. By collective atomic recoil lasing (CARL) a coherent superposition of two atomic wave packets with different momenta is created. Varying the intensity of a weak counterpropagating laser beam we observe the transition from the pure superradiant regime to the Bragg scattering regime, where Rabi oscillations in a two-level system are observed. The process is limited by the decoherence between the two atomic wave packets. In the superradiant regime the experiment gives evidence of a contribution to decoherence which depends on the initial velocity of the condensate. The system is described by the CARL-BEC model, which is a generalization of the Gross-Pitaevskii model to include the self-consistent evolution of the scattered field and a phase-diffusion decoherence process, which accounts for the observed damping.

Physical Review A•Mar 8, 2005•74 citations

Models with recoil for Bose–Einstein condensation and superradiance

Joseph V Pulé, André F. Verbeure, Valentin Anatol'evich Zagrebnov

In this paper, we consider two models which exhibit equilibrium BEC superradiance. They are related to two different types of superradiant scattering observed in recent experiments. The first one corresponds to the amplification of matter waves due to Raman superradiant scattering from a BE condensate, when the recoiled and the condensed atoms are in different internal states. The main mechanism is stimulated Raman scattering in two-level atoms, which occurs in a superradiant way. Our second model is related to the superradiant Rayleigh scattering from a BE condensate. This again leads to a matter-wave amplification but now with the recoiled atoms in the same state as the atoms in the condensate. Here the recoiling atoms are able to interfere with the condensate at rest to form a matter-wave grating (interference fringes ) which is observed experimentally.

arXiv:math-ph/0410057•Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General•May 25, 2005•5 citations

Experimental study on superradiant light scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate

L. Fallani, C. Fort, F. S. Cataliotti +1 more

The non-equilibrium dynamics of the superradiant scattering of light from a BEC is experimentally investigated by monitoring the time evolution of the population in the condensate. In the experiment, a cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate of /sup 87/Rb atoms is produced and is exposed to a single off-resonant laser pulse directed along the condensate symmetry axis. The superradiant back-scattering of light creates a matter wave pulse moving in the same direction of the laser beam at twice the photon recoil velocity with respect to the original condensate. The efficiency of the process is limited by decoherence between the two atomic spatially overlapped wavepackets. The temporal evolution of the condensate observed in the experiment as well as the results of a simple semiclassical model in which the condensate is described by a density operator for the motional states. The population of the two matter wavepackets as a function of the light pulse duration is reported, together with the experimental points with the analytical formula resulting from the theory of collective atomic recoil laser (CARL).

European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)•Jan 1, 2003•0 citations

Two-dimensional quantum theory of collective light scattering from Bose-Einstein condensates

N. Piovella

We present a two-dimensional description of the light scattering by collective atomic recoil for a configuration in which the pump and the scattered beams are orthogonal and the atoms are in a definite state of momentum. In the quantum recoil limit and for single-photon scattering, the analytical solution can be found explicitly, both in the good-cavity limit (i.e., with no radiation losses) and in the superradiant regime (without cavity) observed in the MIT experiment.

Laser Physics•Jan 1, 2003•8 citations
Recent experiments have demonstrated superradiant Raman scattering from a Bose-Einstein condensate driven by a single off-resonant laser beam. We present a quantum theory describing this phenomenon, showing Raman amplification of matter wave due to collective atomic recoil from 3-level atoms in a \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ-configuration. When atoms are initially in a single lower internal state, a closed two-level system is realized between atoms with different internal states, and entangled atom-photon pairs can be generated. When atoms are initially prepared in both the lower internal states, a fraction of atoms recoiling in the backward direction can be generated.
We present the results of an experiment on light scattering from an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) interacting with a far-off-resonant pump laser. By collective atomic recoil lasing (CARL) a coherent superposition of two atomic wave packets with different momenta is created. Varying the intensity of a weak counterpropagating laser beam we observe the transition from the pure superradiant regime to the Bragg scattering regime, where Rabi oscillations in a two-level system are observed. The process is limited by the decoherence between the two atomic wave packets. In the superradiant regime the experiment gives evidence of a contribution to decoherence which depends on the initial velocity of the condensate. The system is described by the CARL-BEC model, which is a generalization of the Gross-Pitaevskii model to include the self-consistent evolution of the scattered field and a phase-diffusion decoherence process, which accounts for the observed damping.
In this paper, we consider two models which exhibit equilibrium BEC superradiance. They are related to two different types of superradiant scattering observed in recent experiments. The first one corresponds to the amplification of matter waves due to Raman superradiant scattering from a BE condensate, when the recoiled and the condensed atoms are in different internal states. The main mechanism is stimulated Raman scattering in two-level atoms, which occurs in a superradiant way. Our second model is related to the superradiant Rayleigh scattering from a BE condensate. This again leads to a matter-wave amplification but now with the recoiled atoms in the same state as the atoms in the condensate. Here the recoiling atoms are able to interfere with the condensate at rest to form a matter-wave grating (interference fringes ) which is observed experimentally.
The non-equilibrium dynamics of the superradiant scattering of light from a BEC is experimentally investigated by monitoring the time evolution of the population in the condensate. In the experiment, a cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate of /sup 87/Rb atoms is produced and is exposed to a single off-resonant laser pulse directed along the condensate symmetry axis. The superradiant back-scattering of light creates a matter wave pulse moving in the same direction of the laser beam at twice the photon recoil velocity with respect to the original condensate. The efficiency of the process is limited by decoherence between the two atomic spatially overlapped wavepackets. The temporal evolution of the condensate observed in the experiment as well as the results of a simple semiclassical model in which the condensate is described by a density operator for the motional states. The population of the two matter wavepackets as a function of the light pulse duration is reported, together with the experimental points with the analytical formula resulting from the theory of collective atomic recoil laser (CARL).