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arXiv:cond-mat/0404006 · Physical Review Letters

Molecular Matter-Wave Amplifier

Christopher P. Search, Pierre Meystre

Published Sep 29, 2004• 23 citations
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Abstract

We describe a matter-wave amplifier for vibrational ground-state molecules which uses a Feshbach resonance to first form quasibound molecules starting from an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. The quasibound molecules are then driven into their stable vibrational ground state via a two-photon Raman transition inside an optical cavity. The transition from the quasibound state to the electronically excited state is driven by a classical field. Amplification of ground state molecules is then achieved by using a strongly damped cavity mode for the transition from the electronically excited molecules to the molecular ground state.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.93.140405

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We describe a matter-wave amplifier for vibrational ground-state molecules which uses a Feshbach resonance to first form quasibound molecules starting from an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. The quasibound molecules are then driven into their stable vibrational ground state via a two-photon Raman transition inside an optical cavity. The transition from the quasibound state to the electronically excited state is driven by a classical field. Amplification of ground state molecules is then achieved by using a strongly damped cavity mode for the transition from the electronically excited molecules to the molecular ground state.
We study the quantum dynamics of a model of molecular matter-wave amplifier proposed by Search and Meystre [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 140405 (2004)], which employs a strongly damped optical cavity to convert an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate into vibrational ground-state molecules. By using the Monte Carlo wave-function method, we calculate the quantum evolution of the atomic and molecular matter waves. We find that the system always evolves into a pure ground-state molecular matter wave even if initially there was no ground-state molecules. Statistical properties of these atomic and molecular matter waves are also investigated. The final state of the molecular field is sub-Poissonian. Two-mode correlation functions exhibit anticorrelated properties.
Molecular cooling techniques face the hurdle of dissipating translational as well as internal energy in the presence of a rich electronic, vibrational, and rotational energy spectrum. In our experiment, we create a translationally ultracold, dense quantum gas of molecules bound by more than 1000 wave numbers in the electronic ground state. Specifically, we stimulate with 80% efficiency, a two-photon transfer of molecules associated on a Feshbach resonance from a Bose-Einstein condensate of cesium atoms. In the process, the initial loose, long-range electrostatic bond of the Feshbach molecule is coherently transformed into a tight chemical bond. We demonstrate coherence of the transfer in a Ramsey-type experiment and show that the molecular sample is not heated during the transfer. Our results show that the preparation of a quantum gas of molecules in specific rovibrational states is possible and that the creation of a Bose-Einstein condensate of molecules in their rovibronic ground state is within reach.
We propose and analyze an approach to convert an atomic condensate into a condensate of diatomic molecules in the rovibrational ground state. The process consists of a stimulated Raman transition dramatically enhanced by a time-dependent magnetic field that sweeps over a field-induced Feshbach resonance. For Na atoms the Raman transition probability is enhanced by seven orders of magnitude, leading to a conversion efficiency of up to 20%. The resulting condensate is expected to be as stable as the present atomic condensates. The approach shows promise as a more general process for Feshbach engineering molecular condensates from condensates of the constituent atoms/molecules.
We propose a scheme for parametric amplification and phase conjugation of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) via stimulated dissociation of a BEC of molecular dimers consisting of bosonic atoms. This can potentially be realized via coherent Raman transitions or using a magnetic Feshbach resonance. We show that the interaction of a small incoming atomic BEC with a (stationary) molecular BEC can produce two counterpropagating atomic beams - an amplified atomic BEC and its phase-conjugate or ``time-reversed'' replica. The two beams can possess strong quantum correlation in the relative particle number, with squeezed number-difference fluctuations.