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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Adiabatic creation of stable molecular codensate by a single radiation field and a feshbach resonance

Hong Yuan Ling, Keith McDonald, Brian Seaman

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that an optical field of adiabatically modulated amplitude and frequency together with a Feshbach resonance can convert virtually all the atoms into ground molecules in a three-level atom-molecule system involving free-quasibound-bound transitions.
DOI
10.1364/iqec.2004.itui20

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We describe a matter-wave amplifier for vibrational ground-state molecules which uses a Feshbach resonance to first form quasibound molecules starting from an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. The quasibound molecules are then driven into their stable vibrational ground state via a two-photon Raman transition inside an optical cavity. The transition from the quasibound state to the electronically excited state is driven by a classical field. Amplification of ground state molecules is then achieved by using a strongly damped cavity mode for the transition from the electronically excited molecules to the molecular ground state.
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We have converted an ultracold Fermi gas of 6Li^{6}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i}6Li atoms into an ultracold gas of 6Li2^{6}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{i}_{2}6Li2​ molecules by adiabatic passage through a Feshbach resonance. Approximately $1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}$ molecules in the least-bound, v=38v=38v=38, vibrational level of the ${X}^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}^{+}$ singlet state are produced with an efficiency of 50%. The molecules remain confined in an optical trap for times of up to 1 s before we dissociate them by a reverse adiabatic sweep.
Photoassociation and the Feshbach resonance are, in principle, feasible means for creating a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate from an already-quantum-degenerate gas of atoms; however, mean-field shifts and irreversible decay place practical constraints on the efficient delivery of stable molecules using either mechanism alone. We therefore propose Feshbach-stimulated Raman photoproduction, i.e., a combination of magnetic and optical methods, as a means to collectively convert degenerate atoms into a stable molecular condensate with near-unit efficiency.
We propose and analyze an approach to convert an atomic condensate into a condensate of diatomic molecules in the rovibrational ground state. The process consists of a stimulated Raman transition dramatically enhanced by a time-dependent magnetic field that sweeps over a field-induced Feshbach resonance. For Na atoms the Raman transition probability is enhanced by seven orders of magnitude, leading to a conversion efficiency of up to 20%. The resulting condensate is expected to be as stable as the present atomic condensates. The approach shows promise as a more general process for Feshbach engineering molecular condensates from condensates of the constituent atoms/molecules.