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arXiv:cond-mat/0304384 · Applied Physics Letters

Single-shot readout with the radio-frequency single-electron transistor in the presence of charge noise

Tilo M. Buehler, D. J. Reilly, R.P. Starrett, Andrew D. Greentree, A. R. Hamilton, Andrew S. Dzurak, R. G. Clark

Published Mar 31, 2005• 39 citations
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Abstract

The radio-frequency single-electron transistor (rf-SET) possesses key requirements necessary for reading out a solid state quantum computer. This work explores the use of the rf-SET as a single-shot readout device in the presence of 1∕f and telegraph charge noise. For a typical spectrum of 1∕f noise we find that high fidelity, single-shot measurements are possible for signals Δq>0.01e. For the case of telegraph noise, we present a cross-correlation measurement technique that uses two rf-SETs to suppress the effect of random switching events on readout. We demonstrate this technique by monitoring the charge state of a metal double dot system on microsecond time scales. Such a scheme will be advantageous in achieving high readout fidelity in a solid-state quantum computer.

DOI
10.1063/1.1897423

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The radio-frequency single-electron transistor (rf-SET) possesses key requirements necessary for reading out a solid state quantum computer. This work explores the use of the rf-SET as a single-shot readout device in the presence of 1∕f and telegraph charge noise. For a typical spectrum of 1∕f noise we find that high fidelity, single-shot measurements are possible for signals Δq>0.01e. For the case of telegraph noise, we present a cross-correlation measurement technique that uses two rf-SETs to suppress the effect of random switching events on readout. We demonstrate this technique by monitoring the charge state of a metal double dot system on microsecond time scales. Such a scheme will be advantageous in achieving high readout fidelity in a solid-state quantum computer.
Telegraph noise, which originates from the switching of charge between metastable trapping sites, becomes increasingly important as device sizes approach the nanoscale. For charge-based quantum computing, this noise may lead to decoherence and loss of readout fidelity. Here we use a radio frequency single electron transistor (rf-SET) to probe the telegraph noise present in a typical semiconductor-based quantum computer architecture. We frequently observe microsecond telegraph noise, which is a strong function of the local electrostatic potential defined by surface gate biases. We present a method for studying telegraph noise using the rf-SET and show results for a charge trap in which the capture and emission of a single electron is controlled by the bias applied to a surface gate.
Ultrasensitive detectors and readout devices based on the radio frequency single electron transistor (rf-SET) combine near quantum-limited sensitivity with fast operation. Here we describe a twin rf-SET detector that uses two superconducting rf-SETs to perform fast, real-time cross-correlated measurements in order to distinguish subelectron signals from charge noise on microsecond time scales. The twin rf-SET makes use of two tuned resonance circuits to simultaneously and independently address both rf-SETs using wavelength division multiplexing and a single cryogenic amplifier. We focus on the operation of the twin rf-SET as a charge detector and evaluate the cross talk between the two resonance circuits. Real-time suppression of charge noise is demonstrated by cross correlating the signals from the two rf-SETs. For the case of simultaneous operation, the rf-SETs had charge sensitivities of δqSET1=7.5μe∕Hz and δqSET2=4.4μe∕Hz.
We study the radio-frequency single-electron transistor (rf-SET) as a readout device for charge qubits. We measure the charge sensitivity of an rf-SET to be 6.3microe/sqrt[Hz] and evaluate the backaction of the rf-SET on a single Cooper-pair box. This allows us to compare the needed measurement time with the mixing time of the qubit imposed by the measurement. We find that the mixing time can be substantially longer than the measurement time, which would allow readout of the state of the qubit in a single shot measurement.
The single-electron transistor (SET) is a prime candidate for reading out the final state of a qubit in a solid-state quantum computer. Such a measurement requires the detection of subelectron charge motion in the presence of random charging events. We present a detection scheme where the signals from two SETs are cross-correlated to suppress unwanted artifacts due to charge noise. This technique is demonstrated by using the two SETs to detect the charge state of two coupled metal dots, thereby simulating charge transfer and readout in a two-qubit system. These measurements indicate that for comparable buried dopant semiconductor architectures, the minimum measurement time required to distinguish between the two charge states is of the order of 10 ns.
Radio-frequency single-electron transistors (rf-SETs) are very sensitive charge sensors that are promising for spin-state readout in quantum information processing. It would be advantageous to directly couple the rf-SET to a donor atom in a quantum dot, but it is unclear how rf driving of the SET might affect the electronic tunneling dynamics. Combining full counting statistics, tunneling-rate analysis, and autocorrelations, this study shows that rf driving merely introduces an effective temperature broadening. Optimization of single-shot readout fidelity is explained, which keeps this readout technique viable for quantum computing architectures.
Radio-frequency single-electron transistors (rf-SETs) are very sensitive charge sensors that are promising for spin-state readout in quantum information processing. It would be advantageous to directly couple the rf-SET to a donor atom in a quantum dot, but it is unclear how rf driving of the SET might affect the electronic tunneling dynamics. Combining full counting statistics, tunneling-rate analysis, and autocorrelations, this study shows that rf driving merely introduces an effective temperature broadening. Optimization of single-shot readout fidelity is explained, which keeps this readout technique viable for quantum computing architectures.