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arXiv:cond-mat/0212066 · Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Flow of the quasiparticle weight in theN-patch renormalization group scheme

Carsten Honerkamp A, Manfred Salmhofer B

Published May 5, 2003• 66 citations
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Abstract

Using the N-patch renormalization group method we investigate the flow of the quasiparticle weight in one-dimensional, weakly two-dimensional, and fully two-dimensional Hubbard models. In one dimension we reproduce the Luttinger exponent that describes the disappearance of the quasiparticle peak towards lower scales. Further we analyze effects of the band structure, interchain hopping, and the flow of the interactions in quasi-one-dimensional models. For the two-dimensional case we study how the suppression of the quasiparticle weight affects the flow to strong coupling. We find that the flow to strong coupling remains essentially unchanged. This strengthens the evidence for d-wave superconductivity in the weakly repulsive Hubbard model.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.67.174504

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Using the N-patch renormalization group method we investigate the flow of the quasiparticle weight in one-dimensional, weakly two-dimensional, and fully two-dimensional Hubbard models. In one dimension we reproduce the Luttinger exponent that describes the disappearance of the quasiparticle peak towards lower scales. Further we analyze effects of the band structure, interchain hopping, and the flow of the interactions in quasi-one-dimensional models. For the two-dimensional case we study how the suppression of the quasiparticle weight affects the flow to strong coupling. We find that the flow to strong coupling remains essentially unchanged. This strengthens the evidence for d-wave superconductivity in the weakly repulsive Hubbard model.
Salmhofer [Commun. Math. Phys. 194, 249 (1998)] recently developed a new renormalization-group method for interacting Fermi systems, where the complete flow from the bare action of a microscopic model to the effective low-energy action, as a function of a continuously decreasing infrared cutoff, is given by a differential flow equation which is local in the flow parameter. We apply this approach to the repulsive two-dimensional Hubbard model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor hopping amplitudes. The flow equation for the effective interaction is evaluated numerically on a one-loop level. The effective interactions diverge at a finite-energy scale which is exponentially small for small bare interactions. To analyze the nature of the instabilities signaled by the diverging interactions we extend Salmhofer's renormalization group for the calculation of susceptibilities. We compute the singlet superconducting susceptibilities for various pairing symmetries, and also charge- and spin-density susceptibilities. Depending on the choice of the model parameters (hopping amplitudes, interaction strength, and band filling) we find commensurate and incommensurate antiferromagnetic instabilities or d-wave superconductivity as leading instability. We present the resulting phase diagram in the vicinity of half-filling, and also results for the density dependence of the critical energy scale.
We consider the application of the two-loop functional renormalization group (fRG) approach to study the low-dimensional Hubbard model. This approach accounts for both the universal and nonuniversal contributions to the RG flow. While the universal contributions were studied previously within the field-theoretical RG for the one-dimensional Hubbard model with linearized electronic dispersion and the two-dimensional Hubbard model with flat Fermi surface, the nonuniversal contributions to the flow of the vertices and susceptibilities appear to be important at large momenta scales. The two-loop fRG approach is also applied to the two-dimensional Hubbard model with a curved Fermi surface and the van Hove singularities near the Fermi level. The vertices and susceptibilities in the end of the flow of the two-loop approach are suppressed in comparison with both the one-loop approach with vertex projection and the modified one-loop approach with corrected vertex projection errors. The results of the two-loop approach are closer to the results of one-loop approach with the projected vertices, the difference of the results of one- and two-loop fRG approaches decreases when going away from the van Hove band filling. The quasiparticle weight remains finite in two dimensions at not too low temperatures above the paramagnetic ground state.
We apply the functional field-theoretical renormalization group methodology up to two-loop order to the 2D attractive Hubbard model for weak bare interaction. Since the momentum-resolved quasiparticle weight ZΛ(p) is always close to unity in the RG flow, higher-order quantum fluctuations do not affect crucially the low-energy dynamics in this case. As a result, we observe a s-wave singlet superconducting quasi-long-range order phase as a function of doping in good agreement with other numerical methods. To assess the role played by the fluctuations we compare the critical temperature Tc in which the quasi-long-range superconducting order phase takes place within our approach with mean-field theory and quantum Monte Carlo results.
The repulsive two-dimensional Hubbard model is analysed within a functional renormalisation group (RG) approach. The flow equation for the effective interactions is evaluated on 1-loop level. The effective interactions diverge at a finite energy scale which is exponentially small for small bare interactions. To analyse the nature of the instabilities signalled by the diverging interactions, we compute the flow of the superconducting susceptibilities for various pairing symmetries and also charge and spin density susceptibilities. Depending on the choice of the model parameters (hopping amplitudes, interaction strength and band-filling) we find spin density wave instabilities or d-wave superconductivity as leading instability close to half-filling. This calculation establishes the existence of d-wave superconductivity in the Hubbard model beyond doubt.
We implement an explicit two-loop calculation of the coupling functions and the self-energy of interacting fermions with a two-dimensional flat Fermi surface in the framework of the field theoretical renormalization group (RG) approach. Throughout the calculation both the Fermi surface and the Fermi velocity are assumed to be fixed and unaffected by interactions. We show that in two dimensions, in a weak coupling regime, there is no significant change in the RG flow compared to the well-known one-loop results available in the literature. However, if we extrapolate the flow to a moderate coupling regime there are interesting new features associated with an anisotropic suppression of the quasiparticle weight ZZZ along the Fermi surface, and the vanishing of the renormalized coupling functions for several choices of the external momenta.
We derive two-loop renormalization group equations for the half filled one-dimensional Hubbard chains coupled by the interchain hopping. Our renormalization group scheme for the quasi-one-dimensional electron system is a natural extension of that for the purely one-dimensional systems in the sense that transverse-momentum dependences are introduced in the ggg-ological coupling constants and we regard the transverse momentum as a patch index. We develop symmetry arguments for the particle-hole symmetric half filled Hubbard model and obtain constraints on the ggg-ological coupling constants by which resultant renormalization equations are given in a compact form. By solving the renormalization group equations numerically, we estimate the magnitude of excitation gaps and clarify that the charge gap is suppressed due to the interchain hopping but is always finite even for the relevant interchain hopping. To show the validity of the present analysis, we also apply this to the two-leg ladder system. By utilizing the field-theoretical Bosonization and Fermionization method, we derive low-energy effective theory and analyze the magnitude of all the excitation gaps in detail. It is shown that the low-energy excitations in the two-leg Hubbard ladder have $\mathrm{SO}(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SO}(3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{U}(1)$ symmetry when the interchain hopping exceeds the magnitude of the charge gap.