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arXiv:cond-mat/0208162 · Physical Review A

Decay and revival of phase coherence of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice

O. Morsch, Jörg Helge Müller, D. Ciampini, Matteo Cristiani, P. B. Blakie, Carl J. Williams, Paul S. Julienne, E. Arimondo

Published Mar 26, 2003• 24 citations
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Abstract

The dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate nonadiabatically loaded into a one-dimensional optical lattice is studied by analyzing the phase coherence between sites along the lattice as well as the radial profile of the condensate after a time-of flight. A simple model is proposed that predicts the short-time dephasing as a function of the condensate parameters. In the radial direction, heavily damped oscillations are observed, as well as an increase in the condensate temperature. These findings are interpreted as a rethermalization due to dissipation of the initial condensate excitations into high-lying modes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.67.031603

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The dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate nonadiabatically loaded into a one-dimensional optical lattice is studied by analyzing the phase coherence between sites along the lattice as well as the radial profile of the condensate after a time-of flight. A simple model is proposed that predicts the short-time dephasing as a function of the condensate parameters. In the radial direction, heavily damped oscillations are observed, as well as an increase in the condensate temperature. These findings are interpreted as a rethermalization due to dissipation of the initial condensate excitations into high-lying modes.
We report experimental results on the dynamics and phase evolution of Bose-Einstein condensates in 1D optical lattices. The dynamical behaviour is studied by adiabatically loading the condensate into the lattice and subsequently switching off the magnetic trap. In this case, the condensate is free to expand inside the periodic structure of the optical lattice. The phase evolution of the condensate, on the other hand, can be studied by non-adiabatically switching on the periodic potential. We observe decays and revivals of the interference pattern after a time-of-flight.
We investigate the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in a tilted one-dimensional periodic lattice within the mean-field (Gross-Pitaevskii) description. Unlike in the linear case the Bloch oscillations decay because of nonlinear dephasing. Pronounced revival phenomena are observed. These are analyzed in detail in terms of a simple integrable model constructed by an expansion in Wannier-Stark resonance states. We also briefly discuss the pulsed output of such systems for stronger static fields.
We study the phase coherence property of Bose−Einstein condensates confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice formed by a standing-wave laser field. The lattice depth is determined using a method of Kapitza–Dirac scattering between a condensate and a short pulse lattice potential. Condensates are then adiabatically loaded into the optical lattice. The phase coherence property of the confined condensates is reflected by the interference patterns of the expanded atomic cloud released from the optical lattice. For weak lattice, nearly all of the atoms stay in a superfluid state. However, as the lattice depth is increased, the phase coherence of the whole condensate sample is gradually lost, which confirms that the sub-condensates in each lattice well have evolved into number-squeezed states.
We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate that is split in a harmonic trap by turning up a periodic optical lattice potential. We evaluate the dynamical evolution of the phase coherence along the lattice and the number fluctuations in individual lattice sites within the stochastic truncated Wigner approximation when several atoms occupy each site. We show that the saturation of the number squeezing at high lattice strengths, which was observed in recent experiments by Orzel et al. [Science 291, 2386 (2001)] can be explained by the nonadiabaticity of the splitting.