© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

Terms Privacy Legal Notice

Chinese Physics Letters

Bose–Einstein Condensates in a One-Dimensional Optical Lattice: from Superfluidity to Number-Squeezed States

Xiaorui Wang, Lu Yang, Tan Xin-Zhou, Xiong Hong-Wei, Baolong Lü

Published Aug 1, 2009• 1 citation

Abstract

We study the phase coherence property of Bose−Einstein condensates confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice formed by a standing-wave laser field. The lattice depth is determined using a method of Kapitza–Dirac scattering between a condensate and a short pulse lattice potential. Condensates are then adiabatically loaded into the optical lattice. The phase coherence property of the confined condensates is reflected by the interference patterns of the expanded atomic cloud released from the optical lattice. For weak lattice, nearly all of the atoms stay in a superfluid state. However, as the lattice depth is increased, the phase coherence of the whole condensate sample is gradually lost, which confirms that the sub-condensates in each lattice well have evolved into number-squeezed states.

DOI: 10.1088/0256-307x/26/8/083701

Related papers

Exploring Phase Coherence in a 2D Lattice of Bose-Einstein Condensates

Markus Greiner, Immanuel Bloch, Olaf Mandel +2 more

Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium atoms are stored in a two-dimensional periodic dipole force potential, formed by a pair of standing wave laser fields. The resulting potential consists of a lattice of tightly confining tubes, each filled with a 1D quantum gas. Tunnel coupling between neighboring tubes is controlled by the intensity of the laser fields. By observing the interference pattern of atoms released from more than 3000 individual lattice tubes, the phase coherence of the coupled quantum gases is studied. The lifetime of the condensate in the lattice and the dependence of the interference pattern on the lattice configuration are investigated.

arXiv:cond-mat/0105105•Physical Review Letters•Oct 1, 2001•687 citations

Reversible loss of superfluidity of a Bose–Einstein condensate in a 1D optical lattice

Rachel Sapiro, R Zhang, Georg A. Raithel

We apply a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice, formed by two laser beams with a wavelength of 852 nm, to a 3D 87 Rb Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in a shallow magnetic trap. We use Kapitza–Dirac scattering to determine the depth of the optical lattice. A qualitative change in behavior of the BEC is observed at a lattice depth of 30 E rec , where the quantum gas undergoes a reversible transition from a superfluid state to a state that lacks well-to-well phase coherence. Our observations are consistent with a 1D Mott insulator transition, but could also be explained by mean-field effects.

New Journal of Physics•Jan 7, 2009•17 citations

Superfluid to Mott-insulator transition in a one-dimensional optical lattice

Wenliang Liu, Ningxuan Zheng, Jun Jian +9 more

Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC) of sodium atoms are transferred into one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice potentials, formed by two laser beams with a wavelength of 1064 nm, in a shallow optical trap. The phase coherence of the condensate in the lattice potential is studied by changing the lattice depth. A qualitative change in behavior of the BEC is observed at a lattice depth of ∼ 13.7 E r, where the quantum gas undergoes a transition from a superfluid state to a state that lacks well-to-well phase coherence.

Chinese Physics B•Apr 8, 2022•3 citations

1-D Mott insulator transition of a Bose-Einstein condensate

Rachel Sapiro, Zhang, R., Georg A. Raithel

The superfluid to one-dimensional Mott-insulator transition of a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate is demonstrated. In the experiment, we apply a one-dimensional optical lattice, formed by two laser beams with a wavelength of 852 nm, to a three dimensional BEC in a shallow trap. We use Kapitza-Dirac scattering to determine the depth of the optical lattice without knowledge of its exact geometry. We further study the dynamics of the transition as well as steady-state phase behavior specific to the one-dimensional case.

arXiv:0805.0247•May 2, 2008•0 citations

Dynamics and phase evolution of Bose-Einstein condensates in one-dimensional optical lattices

O. Morsch, Matteo Cristiani, Jörg Helge Müller +2 more

We report experimental results on the dynamics and phase evolution of Bose-Einstein condensates in 1D optical lattices. The dynamical behaviour is studied by adiabatically loading the condensate into the lattice and subsequently switching off the magnetic trap. In this case, the condensate is free to expand inside the periodic structure of the optical lattice. The phase evolution of the condensate, on the other hand, can be studied by non-adiabatically switching on the periodic potential. We observe decays and revivals of the interference pattern after a time-of-flight.

arXiv:cond-mat/0209024•Sep 2, 2002•3 citations

Measurement of phase fluctuations of Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical lattice

Bing Wang, Qiang Zhu, Hailong Zhou +3 more

Even at zero temperature, there exist phase fluctuations associated with an array of Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice. We demonstrate a method to measure the phase fluctuations based on the Fourier spectrum of the atomic density for a condensate released from the optical lattice. The phase variance is extracted from the relative intensities of different peaks in the Fourier spectrum. This method works even for high lattice depth where interference peaks disappear in the atomic density distribution.

arXiv:1210.2505•Physical Review A•Nov 8, 2012•4 citations

We study the phase coherence property of Bose−Einstein condensates confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice formed by a standing-wave laser field. The lattice depth is determined using a method of Kapitza–Dirac scattering between a condensate and a short pulse lattice potential. Condensates are then adiabatically loaded into the optical lattice. The phase coherence property of the confined condensates is reflected by the interference patterns of the expanded atomic cloud released from the optical lattice. For weak lattice, nearly all of the atoms stay in a superfluid state. However, as the lattice depth is increased, the phase coherence of the whole condensate sample is gradually lost, which confirms that the sub-condensates in each lattice well have evolved into number-squeezed states.

Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium atoms are stored in a two-dimensional periodic dipole force potential, formed by a pair of standing wave laser fields. The resulting potential consists of a lattice of tightly confining tubes, each filled with a 1D quantum gas. Tunnel coupling between neighboring tubes is controlled by the intensity of the laser fields. By observing the interference pattern of atoms released from more than 3000 individual lattice tubes, the phase coherence of the coupled quantum gases is studied. The lifetime of the condensate in the lattice and the dependence of the interference pattern on the lattice configuration are investigated.

We apply a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice, formed by two laser beams with a wavelength of 852 nm, to a 3D 87 Rb Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in a shallow magnetic trap. We use Kapitza–Dirac scattering to determine the depth of the optical lattice. A qualitative change in behavior of the BEC is observed at a lattice depth of 30 E rec , where the quantum gas undergoes a reversible transition from a superfluid state to a state that lacks well-to-well phase coherence. Our observations are consistent with a 1D Mott insulator transition, but could also be explained by mean-field effects.

Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC) of sodium atoms are transferred into one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice potentials, formed by two laser beams with a wavelength of 1064 nm, in a shallow optical trap. The phase coherence of the condensate in the lattice potential is studied by changing the lattice depth. A qualitative change in behavior of the BEC is observed at a lattice depth of ∼ 13.7 E r, where the quantum gas undergoes a transition from a superfluid state to a state that lacks well-to-well phase coherence.

The superfluid to one-dimensional Mott-insulator transition of a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate is demonstrated. In the experiment, we apply a one-dimensional optical lattice, formed by two laser beams with a wavelength of 852 nm, to a three dimensional BEC in a shallow trap. We use Kapitza-Dirac scattering to determine the depth of the optical lattice without knowledge of its exact geometry. We further study the dynamics of the transition as well as steady-state phase behavior specific to the one-dimensional case.

We report experimental results on the dynamics and phase evolution of Bose-Einstein condensates in 1D optical lattices. The dynamical behaviour is studied by adiabatically loading the condensate into the lattice and subsequently switching off the magnetic trap. In this case, the condensate is free to expand inside the periodic structure of the optical lattice. The phase evolution of the condensate, on the other hand, can be studied by non-adiabatically switching on the periodic potential. We observe decays and revivals of the interference pattern after a time-of-flight.

Even at zero temperature, there exist phase fluctuations associated with an array of Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice. We demonstrate a method to measure the phase fluctuations based on the Fourier spectrum of the atomic density for a condensate released from the optical lattice. The phase variance is extracted from the relative intensities of different peaks in the Fourier spectrum. This method works even for high lattice depth where interference peaks disappear in the atomic density distribution.