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arXiv:cond-mat/0410258 · Physical Review E

Bloch oscillations of Bose-Einstein condensates: Breakdown and revival

Dirk Witthaut, M. Werder, S Mossmann, H. J. Korsch

Published Mar 30, 2005• 57 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in a tilted one-dimensional periodic lattice within the mean-field (Gross-Pitaevskii) description. Unlike in the linear case the Bloch oscillations decay because of nonlinear dephasing. Pronounced revival phenomena are observed. These are analyzed in detail in terms of a simple integrable model constructed by an expansion in Wannier-Stark resonance states. We also briefly discuss the pulsed output of such systems for stronger static fields.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.71.036625

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We investigate the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in a tilted one-dimensional periodic lattice within the mean-field (Gross-Pitaevskii) description. Unlike in the linear case the Bloch oscillations decay because of nonlinear dephasing. Pronounced revival phenomena are observed. These are analyzed in detail in terms of a simple integrable model constructed by an expansion in Wannier-Stark resonance states. We also briefly discuss the pulsed output of such systems for stronger static fields.
We study the Bloch dynamics of a quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate of cold atoms in a tilted optical lattice modeled by a Hamiltonian of Bose-Hubbard type. The corresponding mean-field system described by a discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation can exhibit dynamical (or modulation) instability due to chaotic dynamics and equipartition over the quasimomentum modes. It is shown that these phenomena are related to Bogoliubov's depletion of the Bose-Einstein condensate and a decoherence of the condensate in the many-particle description. Three types of dynamics are distinguished: (i) decaying oscillations in the region of dynamical instability and (ii) persisting Bloch oscillations or (iii) periodic decay and revivals in the region of stability.
The dynamics of a (quasi-) one-dimensional interacting atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in a tilted optical lattice is studied in a discrete mean-field approximation, i.e., in terms of the discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation. If the static field is varied, the system shows a plethora of dynamical phenomena. In the strong field limit, we demonstrate the existence of (almost) nonspreading states which remain localized on the lattice region populated initially and show coherent Bloch oscillations with fractional revivals in the momentum space (so-called quantum carpets). With decreasing field, the dynamics becomes irregular, however, still confined in configuration space. For even weaker fields, we find subdiffusive dynamics with a wave-packet width growing as t1/4{t}^{1/4}t1/4.
We study the Bloch dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate of cold atoms by using the formalism of the discrete nonlinear Schroedinger equation. Depending on the static force magnitudes the system is shown to exhibit two qualitatively different regimes of Bloch oscillations - exponential decay for the static force magnitude less than some critical value (defined by the condensate density) and quasiperiodic oscillations in the opposite case. The relation of these regimes to the onset of chaos in the system is discussed.
We study the properties of coupled linear and nonlinear resonances. The fundamental phenomena and the level crossing scenarios are introduced for a nonlinear two-level system with one decaying state, describing the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a mean-field approximation (Gross-Pitaevskii or nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation). An important application of the discussed concepts is the dynamics of a condensate in tilted optical lattices. In particular the properties of resonance eigenstates in double-periodic lattices are discussed, in the linear case as well as within mean-field theory. The decay is strongly altered, if an additional period-doubled lattice is introduced. Our analytic study is supported by numerical computations of nonlinear resonance states, and future applications of our findings for experiments with ultracold atoms are discussed.
We study atomic Bloch oscillations in an ensemble of one-dimensional tilted superfluids in the Bose-Hubbard regime. For large values of the tilt, we observe interaction-induced coherent decay and matter-wave quantum phase revivals of the Bloch oscillating ensemble. We analyze the revival period dependence on interactions by means of a Feshbach resonance. When reducing the value of the tilt, we observe the disappearance of the quasiperiodic phase revival signature towards an irreversible decay of Bloch oscillations, indicating the transition from regular to quantum chaotic dynamics.