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arXiv:cond-mat/0111401 · Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Double potts chain and exact results for some two-dimensional spin models

M. A. Yurishchev

Published Nov 1, 2001• 1 citation
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Abstract

An exact analytical solution for the q -state Potts model on a 2×∞ ladder with arbitrary two-, three-, and four-site interactions in a unit cell in presented is a closed form. This solution is used to show that the finite-size internal energy equation [6] yields an accurate value of the critical temperature for the triangular Potts lattice with three-site interactions in alternate triangular faces. It is argued that the above equation is exact at least for self-dual models on isotopic strips.

DOI
10.1134/1.1427183

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An exact analytical solution for the q -state Potts model on a 2×∞ ladder with arbitrary two-, three-, and four-site interactions in a unit cell in presented is a closed form. This solution is used to show that the finite-size internal energy equation [6] yields an accurate value of the critical temperature for the triangular Potts lattice with three-site interactions in alternate triangular faces. It is argued that the above equation is exact at least for self-dual models on isotopic strips.
Abstract A one-dimensional (1D) q -state Potts model with N sites, m -site interaction K in a field H is studied for arbitrary values of m . Exact results for the partition function and the two-point correlation function are obtained at H = 0. The system in a field is shown to be self-dual. Using a change of Potts variables, it is mapped onto a standard 2D Potts model, with first-neighbour interactions K and H , on a cylinder with helical boundary conditions (BC). The 2D system has a length N / m and a transverse size m . Thus the Potts chain with multi-site interactions is expected to develop a 2D critical singularity along the self-duality line, ( e q K − 1 ) ( e q H − 1 ) = q , when N / m → ∞ and m → ∞ .
An exact analytical solution of generalized three-state double-chain Potts model with multi-spin interactions which are invariant under cyclic shift of all spin values is obtained. The partition function in a finite cyclically closed strip of length L, as well as the free energy, internal energy, entropy and heat capacity in thermodynamic limit are calculated using transfer-matrix method. Partial magnetization and susceptibility are suggested as the generalization of usual physical characteristics of a system. Proposed model can be interpreted as a generalized version of standard Potts model (which has Hamiltonian expressed through Kronecker symbols) and clock model (with Hamiltonian expressed through cosines). Considering a particular example of the model with plenty of forces, model's ground states are found, figures of its thermodynamic characteristics and discussed their behaviour at low temperature are shown.
The value of the internal energy per spin is independent of the strip width for a certain class of spin systems on two-dimensional infinite strips. It is verified that the Ising model on the kagome lattice belongs to this class through an exact transfer-matrix calculation of the internal energy for the two smallest widths. More generally, one can suggest an upper bound for the critical coupling strength K(c)(q) for the q-state Potts model from exact calculations of the internal energy for the two smallest strip widths. Combining this with the corresponding calculation for the dual lattice and using an exact duality relation enables us to conjecture the critical coupling strengths for the three- and four-state Potts models on the kagome lattice. The values are K(c)(q=3)=1.0565094269290 and K(c)(q=4)=1.1493605872292, and the values can, in principle, be obtained to an arbitrary precision. We discuss the fact that these values are in the middle of earlier approximate results and furthermore differ from earlier conjectures for the exact values.
A new graphical method is developed to calculate the critical temperature of 2- and 3-dimensional Ising models as well as that of the 2-dimensional Potts models. This method is based on the transfer matrix method and using the limited lattice for the calculation. The reduced internal energy per site has been accurately calculated for different 2-D Ising and Potts models using different size-limited lattices. All calculated energies intersect at a single point when plotted versus the reduced temperature. The reduced temperature at the intersection is 0.4407, 0.2746, and 0.6585 for the square, triangular, and honeycombs Ising lattices and 1.0050, 0.6309, and 1.4848 for the square, triangular, and honeycombs Potts lattices, respectively. These values are exactly the same as the critical temperatures reported in the literature, except for the honeycomb Potts lattice. For the two-dimensional Ising model, we have shown that the existence of such an intersection point is due to the duality relation. The method is then extended to the simple cubic Ising model, in which the intersection point is found to be dependent on the lattice sizes. We have found a linear relation between the lattice size and the intersection point. This relation is used to obtain the critical temperature of the unlimited simple cubic lattice. The obtained result, 0.221(2), is in a good agreement with the accurate value of 0.22165 reported by others.
Finite-size corrections to scaling of critical correlation lengths and free energies of Ising and three-state Potts ferromagnets are analysed by numerical methods, on strips of width N sites of square, triangular and honeycomb lattices. Strong evidence is given that the amplitudes of the `analytical' correction terms, N -2 , are identically zero for triangular and honeycomb Ising systems. For Potts spins, our results are broadly consistent with this lattice-dependent pattern of cancellations, though for correlation lengths non-vanishing (albeit rather small) amplitudes cannot be entirely ruled out.