We present a general derivation of semi-fermionic representation for generators of SU(N) group as a bilinear combination of Fermi operators. The constraints are fulfilled by means of imaginary Lagrange multipliers. The important case of SU(2) group is discussed. We demonstrate how the idea of semi-fermionic representation might be extended to the groups possessing dynamic symmetries. As an example, SO(4) group is considered. We illustrate the application of semi-fermionic representations for various problems of strongly correlated physics.
Motivated by recent experimental progress in the context of ultracold multicolor fermionic atoms in optical lattices, we have developed a method to exactly diagonalize the Heisenberg
SU(N) Hamiltonian with several particles per site living in a fully symmetric or antisymmetric representation of
SU(N). The method, based on the use of standard Young tableaux, takes advantage of the full
SU(N) symmetry, allowing one to work directly in each irreducible representation of the global
SU(N) group. Since the
SU(N) singlet sector is often much smaller than the full Hilbert space, this enables one to reach much larger system sizes than with conventional exact diagonalizations. The method is applied to the study of Heisenberg chains in the symmetric representation with two and three particles per site up to
N=10 and up to 20 sites. For the length scales accessible to this approach, all systems except the Haldane chain [
SU(2) with two particles per site] appear to be gapless, and the central charge and scaling dimensions extracted from the results are consistent with a critical behavior in the
SU(N) level
k Wess-Zumino-Witten universality class, where
k is the number of particles per site. These results point to the existence of a crossover between this universality class and the asymptotic low-energy behavior with a gapped spectrum or a critical behavior in the
SU(N) level 1 WZW universality class.