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arXiv:cond-mat/0004045 · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Valence bond ground states in quantum antiferromagnets and quadratic algebras

F C Alcaraz, V Rittenberg

Published Oct 11, 2000• 1 citation
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Abstract

The wavefunctions corresponding to the zero-energy eigenvalue of a one-dimensional quantum chain Hamiltonian can be written in a simple way using quadratic algebras. Hamiltonians describing stochastic processes have stationary states given by such wavefunctions and various quadratic algebras have been found and applied to several diffusion processes. We show that similar methods can also be applied for equilibrium processes. As an example, for a class of q -deformed O( N ) symmetric antiferromagnetic quantum chains, we give the zero-energy wavefunctions for periodic boundary conditions corresponding to momenta zero and π. We also consider free and various non-diagonal boundary conditions and give the corresponding wavefunctions. All correlation lengths are derived.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/33/42/301

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The wavefunctions corresponding to the zero-energy eigenvalue of a one-dimensional quantum chain Hamiltonian can be written in a simple way using quadratic algebras. Hamiltonians describing stochastic processes have stationary states given by such wavefunctions and various quadratic algebras have been found and applied to several diffusion processes. We show that similar methods can also be applied for equilibrium processes. As an example, for a class of q -deformed O( N ) symmetric antiferromagnetic quantum chains, we give the zero-energy wavefunctions for periodic boundary conditions corresponding to momenta zero and π. We also consider free and various non-diagonal boundary conditions and give the corresponding wavefunctions. All correlation lengths are derived.
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The wave functions corresponding to the zero-energy eigenvalue of a one-dimensional quantum chain Hamiltonian can be written in a simple way using quadratic algebras.We describe here two applications.The non-hermitian Hamiltonians related to one-dimensional stochastic processes have always zero-energy eigenvalues corresponding to the stationary states.A class of quadratic algebras corresponding to diffusion processes was classified.As a second application, for a class of q-deformed O(N ) symmetric antiferromagnetic quantum chains, we give the zero-energy wavefunctions for periodic boundary conditions corresponding to momentum zero and for zone boundary states.We also consider free and various non-diagonal boundary conditions.All correlation lengths are derived.
Stationary probability distributions for stochastic processes on linear chains with closed or open ends are obtained using the matrix product ansatz. The matrices are representations of some quadratic algebras. The algebras and the types of representations considered depend on the boundary conditions. In the language of quantum chains we obtain the ground state of N -state quantum chains with free boundary conditions or with non-diagonal boundary terms at one or both ends. In contrast to problems involving the Bethe ansatz, we do not have a general framework for arbitrary N , which when specialized, gives the known results for N = 2; in fact, the N = 2 and N>2 cases appear to be very different.
We consider the one-dimensional partially asymmetric exclusion model with open boundaries. The model describes a system of hard-core particles that hop stochastically in both directions with different rates. At both boundaries particles are injected and extracted. By means of the method of Derrida et al the stationary probability measure can be expressed as a matrix-product state involving two matrices forming a Fock-like representation of a general quadratic algebra. We obtain the representations of this algebra, which were unknown in the mathematical literature and use the two-dimensional one to derive exact expressions for the density profile and correlation functions. Using the correspondence between the stochastic model and a quantum spin chain, we obtain exact correlation functions for a spin- Heisenberg XXZ chain with non-diagonal boundary terms. Generalizations to other reaction - diffusion models are discussed.
We show that the stochastic dynamics of a large class of one-dimensional interacting particle systems may be presented by integrable quantum spin Hamiltonians. Using the Bethe ansatz and similarity transformations this yields new exact results. In a complementary approach we generalize previous work and present a new description of these and other processes and the related quantum chains in terms of an operator algebra with quadratic relations. The full solution of the master equation of the process is thus turned into the problem of finding representations of this algebra. We find a two-dimensional time-dependent representation of the algebra for the symmetric exclusion process with open boundary conditions. We obtain new results on the dynamics of this system and on the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the corresponding quantum spin chain, which is the isotropic Heisenberg ferromagnet with non-diagonal boundary fields.
We show that the stochastic dynamics of a large class of one-dimensional interacting particle systems may be presented by integrable quantum spin Hamiltonians. Generalizing earlier work [1, 2] we present an alternative description of these processes in terms of a time-dependent operator algebra with quadratic relations. These relations generate the Bethe ansatz equations for the spectrum and turn the calculation of time-dependent expectation values into the problem of either finding representations of this algebra or of solving functional equations for the initial values of the operators. We use both strategies for the study of two specific models: (i) We construct a two-dimensional time-dependent representation of the algebra for the symmetric exclusion process with open boundary conditions. In this way we obtain new results on the dynamics of this system and on the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the corresponding quantum spin chain, which is the isotropic Heisenberg ferromagnet with non-diagonal, symmetry-breaking boundary fields. (ii) We consider the non-equilibrium spin relaxation of Ising spins with zero-temperature Glauber dynamics and an additional coupling to an infinite-temperature heat bath