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中国科学通报：英文版

NEW SUGGESTION TO DESCRIBE RADIATION FIELD

黄湘友, 彭金生

Published Jan 1, 1990• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Since a wave function does not describe a single system but an ensemble, we suggest using a pair of state vectors to represent the state of a system. This work aims at the use of the suggestion to radiation field and the results contain plenty of information.

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QUANTIZED DESCRIPTION OF RADIATION FIELD

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Suppose that the state of a single atom is described by two wave functions, then there is time-varying electric dipole moment and current in an atom staying in an energy eigen state. Using this time-varying electric current, we can use cla(?)sical electromagnetic theory to calculate the absorption and emission by the atom in a field and to calculate the spontaneous emission of this atom. The description of the usual quantum mechanics can be obtained by averaging our theory over the phase parameter.
In this chapter, the concepts of states and ensembles are critically reviewed. Among other things, it is shown that if the state of every composite quantum system contains all information that can be known about a system, states cannot be pure states. In Section 15.1, we criticize the standard practice of treating the state vector (that is, a pure state) as the complete description of a (single, or frequently prepared) quantum system. Section 15.2 shows that the density operator contains objective information about single quantum systems. This conclusion is reinforced in Section 15.3, which discusses Gibbs’ in his time revolutionary notion of fictitious ensembles for representing single macroscopic systems in equilibrium. The final Section 15.4 shows that pure states for objects in a bounded region of space are also questionable from the perspective of relativistic quantum field theory.
Postselected von Neumann measurement characterized by postselection and weak value has been found to possess potential applications in quantum metrology and solved plenty of fundamental problems in quantum theory. As an application of this new measurement technique in quantum optics and quantum information processing, its effects on the features of single-mode radiation fields such as coherent state, squeezed vacuum state and Schrödinger cat sate are investigated by considering full-order effects of unitary evolution. The results show that the conditional probabilities of finding photons, second-order correlation functions, Qm -factors and squeezing effects of those states after the postselected measurement is significantly changed are comparable with the corresponding initial pointer states.