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Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana

Futuristic applications of quantum EPR states

Fabrizio Tamburini, C. Barbieri, Antonio Bianchini, S. Ortolani

Published Jan 1, 2003• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

The Physics of Quantum Information is getting mature enough, in the laboratory and in ground based applications, to consider the possibility of future Space extensions. The nonlocal properties of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled states might define a new frontier both in the field of remote communications and in the astronomical detectors of the new generation. Here we present: (1) a communication technique based on the use of entangled pairs in polarization states, organized in bunches with precise statistically correlated distributions. (2) In addition we briefly discuss the conceptual development of gravitational wave (GW) detectors based on Quantum Entangled STate (QUEST) technology.

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Recent ideas and technological developments have made possible studies of macroscopic objects deep in the quantum regime. In the talk I will discuss the experiment where an entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) state has been generated between distant mechanical and atomic oscillators [1]. The concept of an oscillator with an effective negative mass crucial for those experiments will be presented. Such entanglement allows to measure disturbances in the position and the momentum of an oscillator simultaneously, the trait which may seem counterintuitive. Using this entangled state, the trajectory of motion of the oscillator in phase space can be traced with, in principle, unlimited accuracy. Progress towards application of those ideas to gravitational wave detectors [2] following the proposals [3], [4] will be reported.
Quantum entanglement is a peculiar phenomenon in quantum information science, characterized by nonclassical correlations between quantum states of subsystems in a quantum system. Since the proposal of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen, quantum entanglement has sparked intense debates on local realism. Bell’s inequality experiment established the nonlocality of quantum mechanics. Currently, high-dimensional quantum entanglement of both deterministic and random states can be realized in systems such as photons and cold atoms. Technologies such as quantum teleportation, quantum teleportation, quantum computing, and others rely on quantum entanglement to achieve effects beyond classical limitations. Current research focuses on the implementation of macroscopic quantum entanglement and its significance in fundamental problems of quantum mechanics. Quantum entanglement opens up a new paradigm for information processing with broad application prospects. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the nature of quantum entanglement and its advantages in information processing. This paper reviews the theoretical foundations of quantum entanglement, methods of generation and detection, and research progress in its applications in the field of quantum information. It discusses the important applications of quantum entanglement in quantum communication, computing, and sensing and provides an outlook on the future development prospects of quantum entanglement technologies.
Abstract Quantum Noise limits the sensitivity of gravitational wave interferometers across the full detection band (10 Hz – 10 kHz). Current detectors mitigate quantum noise through frequency-dependent squeezing using large, detuned filter cavities. However, such infrastructure poses challenges for future detectors like the Einstein Telescope, which require more compact and cost-effective solutions. A promising alternative uses Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement to achieve frequency-dependent squeezing without external filter cavities. We are developing an experiment in Virgo’s R&D squeezing laboratory at the European Gravitational Observatory to investigate EPR-based frequency-dependent squeezing in the audio band. The project involves researchers from INFN groups and universities in Italy and institutions in South Korea. After a brief introduction to the scientific motivation, this work describes the main components and summarizes the current status of our experiment and its potential impact on third-generation gravitational wave detectors.
Quantum information science explores the foundational aspects of quantum mechanics and its ombination with information science for new information technologies. The underlying key resource is non-classical correlations. These counter-intuitive correlations between quantum systems can be used for encoding, transmitting and measuring information in quantum information tasks. Although quantum properties can be used in a variety of systems, here we explore photons. These information carriers are fast, easy to generate and manipulate and only interact weakly with the environment. These properties make them to excellent candidates to be employed in experiments. Developing quantum technology, such as single photon sources and single photon detectors, allows us to investigate the foundational aspects of quantum mechanics in quantum information tasks. These tasks use non-classical correlations, which form a hierarchy, from Bell nonlocality to Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering to quantum nonseparability. Two systems are nonlocally correlated, when measuring one system affects the measurement results on the other system, hence the name `steering. In test for non-classical correlations, we share a quantum state between two observers which are trusted or untrusted. While observers are both untrusted or trusted in entanglement witness tests and Bell inequality violations, respectively, EPR-steering is distinct from these two classes by its fundamental asymmetry: one party is trusted while the other is untrusted.