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New approaches in squeezed light generation : quantum states of light with GHz squeezing bandwidth and squeezed light generation via the cascaded Kerr effect

S. Ast

Published Jan 1, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Author: Ast, Stefan; Genre: Thesis; Published in Print: 2015; Open Access; Title: New approaches in squeezed light generation: Quantum states of light with GHz squeezing bandwidth and squeezed light generation via the cascaded Kerr effect
DOI
10.15488/8403

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Abstract We theoretically investigate the enhancement of the degree and bandwidth of squeezed states of light generated in cascaded optomechanical (OM) systems. With the obtained recursion relation of the generalized output quadratures, it is possible to realize cascaded OM systems operated simultaneously in a deamplification situation for the same quadrature with a frequency-dependent phase shift between cascaded systems. Due to the cumulative OM interaction, the degree of squeezing can be significantly improved and nearly independent of frequencies. Thus the squeezing frequency band is notably broadened. Moreover, the squeezing bandwidth can be further broadened through tuning the detunings between laser and cavity frequencies. Finally, the influence of optical losses on squeezing due to the inefficient transmission between cascaded systems is also taken into account, which degrades the squeezing via introducing uncorrelated vacuum noises. However, a better squeezed state is still achievable compared to that generated in single OM system.
We study the statistical properties of squeezed Kerr states generated by squeezing, with a two-photon parametric process, the output of a Kerr medium whose input is coherent light. The squeezing has the effect of allowing the photon statistics to depend on the Kerr nonlinearity. Without the squeezing the statistics are Poissonian, but after squeezing they may be either sub-Poissonian or super-Poissonian. We also study the Q-function quasiprobability distribution for these states and related distributions associated with the quantum-mechanical phase. Finally, we show that quadrature squeezing can be enhanced and that squeezing and sub-Poissonian statistics can coexist.
Squeezed light is expected to enable new quantum metrology and quantum computation applications, but the very high degree of experimental control required in practice places severe demands on the physical devices used to generate it. As ultrafast squeezed light sources are reaching an unprecedented degree of brightness and modal control, there is a strong interest in developing methods for their experimental characterization and theoretical understanding. In this thesis, we demonstrate both a new application and a new characterization technique for pulsed squeezed light. In the first part of the thesis, we present a new metrological application of pulsed squeezed light: quantum-enhanced label-free nonlinear microscopy. Stimulated emission microscopy (SEM) is a state-of-the-art pump-probe microscopy technique whose sensitivity is ultimately limited by shot noise in the probe beam. We propose to overcome this fundamental limitation by using a sub-Poissonian probe generated via optical parametric amplification. We demonstrate an intensity-squeezed sub-picosecond pulsed probe, and a simple stimulated emission microscope. Using this squeezed probe, sub-Poissonian statistics are observed in the SEM signal. After this proof-of-principle experiment, we aim to provide an improved design for a source of intensity-squeezed light. First, we develop a theoretical framework to simulate the photon statistics of a general sub-Poissonian source, considering pulsed and focused pump and seed fields in a unified spatio-temporal description. Next, we use this framework to suggest possible improvements to our previous squeezed probe. In the second part of this thesis, we provide new theoretical and experimental tools to analyze the high gain regime of pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). We study a waveguided source capable of generating twin-beams with tens of photons in a single spatio-temporal mode. We develop a framework to efficiently simulate SPDC for an arbitrary nonlinear gain, including the effect of parasitic nonlinearities such as self-phase modulation (SPM) of the pump and cross-phase modulation (XPM) between pump and twin-beams. We experimentally characterize our source using a new technique based on stimulated difference-frequency generation (DFG). In a type-II down-conversion process, we measure the frequency generation produced not only in the orthogonal polarization to the seeding beam, but also in its same polarization, which we interpret as cascaded difference-frequency generation. We argue that the additional information obtained in this measurement allows for a self-referenced estimation of the squeezing gain. Using these measurements, we accurately fit our theoretical model, revealing that, in the high gain regime, parasitic nonlinearities strongly affect the spectral structure of the twin-beams. We propose a simple strategy to reduce the impact of these nonlinearities on the modal structure of SPDC.
The squeezed state is important in quantum metrology and quantum information. The most effective generation tool known is the optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Currently, only the squeezed states of lower-order spatial modes can be generated by an OPO. However, the squeezed states of higher-order spatial modes are more useful for applications such as quantum metrology, quantum imaging, and quantum information. A major challenge for future applications is efficient generation. Here we use cascaded phase-only spatial light modulators to modulate the amplitude and phase of the incident fundamental mode squeezed state. This efficiently generates a series of squeezed higher-order Hermite–Gauss modes and a squeezed arbitrary complex amplitude distributed mode. The method may yield new applications in biophotonics, quantum metrology, and quantum information processing.
The squeezed state is important in quantum metrology and quantum information. The most effective generation tool known is the optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Currently, only the squeezed states of lower-order spatial modes can be generated by an OPO. However, the squeezed states of higher-order complex spatial modes are more useful for applications such as quantum metrology, quantum imaging and quantum information. A major challenge for future applications is efficient generation. Here, we use cascaded phase-only spatial light modulators to modulate the amplitude and phase of the incident fundamental mode squeezed state. This efficiently generates a series of squeezed higher-order Hermite-Gauss modes and a squeezed arbitrary complex amplitude distributed mode. The method may yield new applications in biophotonics, quantum metrology and quantum information processing.