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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Squeezed light generation in cascaded optomechanical systems

Yueyuan Wang, Zhen Yi, Yan Yan, Wen-ju Gu

Published Mar 8, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We theoretically investigate the enhancement of the degree and bandwidth of squeezed states of light generated in cascaded optomechanical (OM) systems. With the obtained recursion relation of the generalized output quadratures, it is possible to realize cascaded OM systems operated simultaneously in a deamplification situation for the same quadrature with a frequency-dependent phase shift between cascaded systems. Due to the cumulative OM interaction, the degree of squeezing can be significantly improved and nearly independent of frequencies. Thus the squeezing frequency band is notably broadened. Moreover, the squeezing bandwidth can be further broadened through tuning the detunings between laser and cavity frequencies. Finally, the influence of optical losses on squeezing due to the inefficient transmission between cascaded systems is also taken into account, which degrades the squeezing via introducing uncorrelated vacuum noises. However, a better squeezed state is still achievable compared to that generated in single OM system.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/abecd4

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Abstract We theoretically investigate the enhancement of the degree and bandwidth of squeezed states of light generated in cascaded optomechanical (OM) systems. With the obtained recursion relation of the generalized output quadratures, it is possible to realize cascaded OM systems operated simultaneously in a deamplification situation for the same quadrature with a frequency-dependent phase shift between cascaded systems. Due to the cumulative OM interaction, the degree of squeezing can be significantly improved and nearly independent of frequencies. Thus the squeezing frequency band is notably broadened. Moreover, the squeezing bandwidth can be further broadened through tuning the detunings between laser and cavity frequencies. Finally, the influence of optical losses on squeezing due to the inefficient transmission between cascaded systems is also taken into account, which degrades the squeezing via introducing uncorrelated vacuum noises. However, a better squeezed state is still achievable compared to that generated in single OM system.
A coherent feedback scheme is used to enhance the degree of squeezing of the output field in a cavity optomechanical system. In the feedback loop, a beam splitter (BS) plays the roles of both a feedback controller and an input-output port. To realize effective enhancement, the output quadrature should take the same form as the input quadrature, and the system should operate at the deamplification situation in the meantime. This can be realized by choosing an appropriate frequency-dependent phase angle for the generalized quadrature. Additionally, both the transmissivity of the BS and the phase factor induced by time delays in the loop affect optical squeezing. For the fixed frequency, the optimal values of transmissivity and phase factor can be used to achieve the enhanced optical squeezing. The effect of optical losses on squeezing is also discussed. Optical squeezing is degraded by the introduced vacuum noise owing to the inefficient transmission in the loop. We show that the enhancement of squeezing is achievable with the parameters of the current experiments.
The generation of two-mode broadband squeezed light is investigated in cascading double-cavity optomechanical systems. The cavities are driven by amplitude-modulated lasers with two frequency tones, one of which is red detuning and other blue detuning from the cavity fields. It is shown that a two-mode squeezed field can be generated in a single double-cavity system via dissipation of the mechanical resonator. To generate broadband and strong squeezing of the cavity fields, many identical double-cavity optomechanical systems are connected together in a cascading way. The vacuum noise fed into the cavities and the thermal noise coupled to the mechanical resonator can be greatly depressed in the cascading system. As a result, the very strong and constant squeezing can be achieved in a large frequency range when the number of cascaded optomechanical systems becomes large.
We experimentally demonstrate a source of squeezed light featuring simultaneous ponderomotive squeezing from two mechanical modes of an optomechanical system. We use ultra-coherent vibrational modes (Q factors on the order of 108) of a soft-clamped membrane placed in a Fabry–Pérot optical cavity at cryogenic conditions (T=11K) to create correlations between amplitude and phase quadratures of the light field. As a result of the interaction between the membrane position and the light, we generated ponderomotive squeezing of 4.8dB for the first localized mechanical mode at 1.32MHz and 4.2dB for the second localized mode at 2.43MHz, as observed in direct detection when correcting for the detection inefficiency. Thus, we have demonstrated that by leveraging more than one quantum-limited mechanical mode, optomechanical squeezed light generation can be extended to dual-band operation with an ample band separation of about an octave. Utilizing homodyne detection to detect squeezing in an optimal quadrature would lead to squeezing levels at the output of the cavity of 7.3 dB and 6.8 dB, in the two modes, respectively. Squeezing of light demonstrated here for near-infrared light can be achieved in a broad range of wavelengths due to the relative insensitivity of optomechanical interaction with SiN membranes to the wavelength. The demonstrated dual-band squeezing can be linked to the generation of two photon–phonon entangled mode pairs, suggesting that our system, viewed as an entanglement source, is more resource-efficient than single-mode optomechanics.
Quantum entanglement is a crucial resource for a wide variety of quantum technologies. However, the current state-of-art methods to generate quantum entanglement in optomechanical systems are not as efficient as all-optical methods utilizing nonlinear crystals. This article proposes a new scheme in which two single-mode squeezed light fields are injected into an optomechanical cavity. We demonstrate through our numerical simulations that the quantum entanglement can be substantially enhanced with the careful selection of squeezing strength and squeezing angle of the two quadrature squeezed light fields. Our results represent a significant improvement in output bipartite photon-photon entanglement over the previously demonstrated schemes using two coherent light fields as inputs. These simulations predict a maximum increase in bipartite optical entanglement by a factor of about 6, as well as increases in the quantum noise of the output light. A perceived loss of quantum information at certain squeezing angles is attributed to tripartite entanglement between the two optical fields and the optomechanical oscillator (OMO). At particular squeezing angles, the bipartite (or tripartite) entanglement can be increased, thus introducing a method of optically controlling the intracavity entanglement. These mechanics can benefit various optical quantum technologies utilizing optomechanical entanglement and continuous variable quantum optics.
We demonstrate the methods for increasing the observed squeezing level in the generation of squeezed states of light at 1064 nm with periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystal. We analyze the technical limits to the reduction of noise in the squeezed quadrature theoretically, including the intra-cavity loss of the optical parametric amplifier (OPA) cavity, the normalized amplitude, the detection frequency, and the mode matching on the balanced homodyning stage. To observe a high degree of squeezing, we improve the quality of mode matching into the OPA cavity and the mode cleaning (MC) cavity experimentally. By optimizing mode matching of the light into cavities, the finesse of the cavities would be higher in practice and the desirable spatial mode can be realized. As the intensity noise of the laser light reach the shot noise limit above the frequency of 1 MHz, which is sufficient for our experiment, so the MC cavity is incorporated to filter higher-order transverse modes of the local oscillator (LO) beam for the balanced homodyne detection. The experimental and theoretical results show that it is essential to optimize the mode matching efficiency to generate and detect high degree of squeezing otherwise an inefficiency mode matching will throw away the squeezing and transform the squeezed field into a vacuum field.
Broadband squeezed light functioning as a Markovian reservoir can exponentially enhance light-matter interactions, benefiting quantum technologies. However, conventional single-cavity sources face a trade-off between squeezing depth and spectral bandwidth. We propose a scalable scheme for generating broadband squeezed vacuum using a cascade of parametric microring resonators coupled to a common bus waveguide. By analyzing the output, we identify the specific conditions that yield a broad, flat-topped squeezing spectrum, even under realistic intracavity pump attenuation. We demonstrate that this architecture is robust against fabrication imperfections, including inhomogeneous resonator frequencies and component failures. We show that the flat-topped spectrum converges to the Markovian limit significantly faster than a single-cavity Lorentzian profile. An array of as few as N=5N=5N=5 coupled resonators with an intrinsic loss ratio of κI/κ=0.1κ_I/κ= 0.1κI​/κ=0.1 reduces the required bandwidth to a quarter of that needed by a single cavity to achieve same squeezing. This rapid convergence relaxes the low-QQQ and high-gain constraints of single broadband cavities, distributing the squeezing process across moderately pumped resonators to provide a practical route for engineering squeezed reservoirs on mature integrated photonic platforms.