We propose a general theoretical scheme to investigate the crossover from electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) in open ladder-type atomic and molecular systems with Doppler broadening. We show that when the wavenumber ratio kc/kp≈−1, EIT, ATS, and EIT-ATS crossover exist for both ladder-I and ladder-II systems, where kc (kp) is the wavenumber of control (probe) field. Furthermore, when kc/kp is far from −1, EIT can occur, but ATS is destroyed if the upper state of the ladder-I system is a Rydberg state. In addition, ATS exists but EIT is not possible if the control field used to couple the two lower states of the ladder-II system is a microwave field. The theoretical scheme developed here can be applied to atoms, molecules, and other systems (including Na2 molecules, and Rydberg atoms), and the results obtained may have practical applications in optical information processing and transformation.We propose a general theoretical scheme to investigate the crossover from electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to Autler–Townes splitting (ATS) in open ladder-type atomic and molecular systems with Doppler broadening. We show that when the wavenumber ratio kc/kp≈−1, EIT, ATS, and EIT-ATS crossover exist for both ladder-I and ladder-II systems, where kc (kp) is the wavenumber of control (probe) field. Furthermore, when kc/kp is far from −1, EIT can occur, but ATS is destroyed if the upper state of the ladder-I system is a Rydberg state. In addition, ATS exists but EIT is not possible if the control field used to couple the two lower states of the ladder-II system is a microwave field. The theoretical scheme developed here can be applied to atoms, molecules, and other systems (including Na2 molecules, and Rydberg atoms), and the results obtained may have practical applications in optical information processing and transformation.

arXiv:1311.2149Journal of the Optical Society of America BMar 4, 201434 citations

Wavelength dependence of Autler-Townes splitting in a four-level ladder molecular system

Wei Guo, Xingqiang Lu, Xinlin Wang +1 more

We theoretically investigated the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting in the photoelectron spectra of four-level ladder K-2 molecules in the presence of two control pump fields and one probe field by employing the time-dependent wave packet approach. The wavelength dependence of AT splitting on three laser pulses was studied in detail. The photoelectron spectra show triple splitting with symmetric profiles, but with asymmetric profiles when the wavelength is changed. The shifts of the absorption peaks are predicted by using an analytical fitting function when the wavelength of one of the three fields is changed, and the functional dependence appears to be linear. These novel results are of importance for the molecular spectroscopy, and may stimulate further theoretical studies analytically from the first principles. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2014We theoretically investigated the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting in the photoelectron spectra of four-level ladder K-2 molecules in the presence of two control pump fields and one probe field by employing the time-dependent wave packet approach. The wavelength dependence of AT splitting on three laser pulses was studied in detail. The photoelectron spectra show triple splitting with symmetric profiles, but with asymmetric profiles when the wavelength is changed. The shifts of the absorption peaks are predicted by using an analytical fitting function when the wavelength of one of the three fields is changed, and the functional dependence appears to be linear. These novel results are of importance for the molecular spectroscopy, and may stimulate further theoretical studies analytically from the first principles. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2014

Europhysics Letters (EPL)Dec 1, 20144 citations

Autler–Townes triplet spectroscopy: An analytical approach

Fazal Ghafoor

Optics CommunicationsDec 22, 20109 citations

Use of an electric-dipole forbidden transition to optically probe the Autler Townes effect

F. Ramírez-Martínez, F. Ponciano-Ojeda, Santiago Hernández-Gómez +7 more

We study the Autler Townes (AT) effect derived from a strong electric dipole transition stimulated by a resonant laser beam and probing it by means of a weak electric quadrupole transition with a controlled frequency detuning in a ladder configuration. The experiment was carried out for a $^{87}$ Rb atomic gas at room temperature in a velocity-selective scheme. The AT effect was monitored via the splitting of the fluorescence spectra associated with the spontaneous decay to the ground state. The theoretical description incorporates the modification of standard few-level schemes introduced by forbidden electric-dipole transitions selection rules. We develop an analytic ladder three-level scheme to approximate the cyclic $5\mathrm{S}_{1/2} \mathrm{F}=2\rightarrow 5\mathrm{P}_{3/2} F=3 \rightarrow 6\mathrm{P}_{3/2} \mathrm{F}=1,2,3\rightarrow 5 \mathrm{S}_{1/2}\mathrm{F}=2$ path. Other levels that could have effects on the fluorescence are included via a fourth level with effective parameters. Doppler effects and finite bandwidths of the laser beams are included in the theoretical model to closely reproduce the experimental results.We study the Autler Townes (AT) effect derived from a strong electric dipole transition stimulated by a resonant laser beam and probing it by means of a weak electric quadrupole transition with a controlled frequency detuning in a ladder configuration. The experiment was carried out for a $^{87}$Rb atomic gas at room temperature in a velocity-selective scheme. The AT effect was monitored via the splitting of the fluorescence spectra associated with the spontaneous decay to the ground state. The theoretical description incorporates the modification of standard few-level schemes introduced by forbidden electric-dipole transitions selection rules. We develop an analytic ladder three-level scheme to approximate the cyclic $5\mathrm{S}_{1/2} \mathrm{F}=2\rightarrow 5\mathrm{P}_{3/2} F=3 \rightarrow 6\mathrm{P}_{3/2} \mathrm{F}=1,2,3\rightarrow 5 \mathrm{S}_{1/2}\mathrm{F}=2$ path. Other levels that could have effects on the fluorescence are included via a fourth level with effective parameters. Doppler effects and finite bandwidths of the laser beams are included in the theoretical model to closely reproduce the experimental results.

arXiv:1909.01293Sep 3, 20190 citations

^{87}

Rb atomic gas at room temperature in a velocity-selective scheme. The AT effect was monitored via the splitting of the fluorescence spectra associated with the spontaneous decay to the ground state. The theoretical description incorporates the modification of standard few-level schemes introduced by forbidden electric-dipole transitions selection rules. We develop an analytic ladder three-level scheme to approximate the cyclic

5\mathrm{S}_{1/2} \mathrm{F}=2\rightarrow 5\mathrm{P}_{3/2} F=3 \rightarrow 6\mathrm{P}_{3/2} \mathrm{F}=1,2,3\rightarrow 5 \mathrm{S}_{1/2}\mathrm{F}=2

path. Other levels that could have effects on the fluorescence are included via a fourth level with effective parameters. Doppler effects and finite bandwidths of the laser beams are included in the theoretical model to closely reproduce the experimental results.