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National Academies Press eBooks

21st Century Tools at the Interface of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Science and Quantum Information Science

Physical Sciences, Systems, and Infrastructure Program Area, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.17226/29429

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Combining quantum information theory with thermodynamics unites 21st-century technology with 19th-century principles. The union elucidates the spread of information, the flow of time, and the leveraging of energy. This thesis contributes to the theory of quantum thermodynamics, particularly to quantum-information-theoretic thermodynamics. The thesis also contains applications of the theory, wielded as a toolkit, across physics. Fields touched on include atomic, molecular, and optical physics; nonequilibrium statistical mechanics; condensed matter; high-energy physics; and chemistry. I propose the name "quantum steampunk" for this program. The term derives from the steampunk genre of literature, art, and cinema that juxtaposes futuristic technologies with 19th-century settings.
In the 21st century,development and employment in cyberspace are the most important stratagem of science and tech- nology over the world.The fast progress of quantum information technology extends the research fields of information theory and technology.The important impact of quantum computation on modern cryptograph is talked about.In the paper,quantum secrecy communication model is established and the quantum attack patterns are presented.Concluding remarks are given in the end of the paper and several research issues are pointed out.
Quantum information science and engineering (QISE)-which entails the use of quantum mechanical states for information processing, communications, and sensing-and the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology have dominated condensed matter physics and materials science research in the 21st century. Solid-state devices for QISE have, to this point, predominantly been designed with bulk materials as their constituents. This review considers how nanomaterials (i.e., materials with intrinsic quantum confinement) may offer inherent advantages over conventional materials for QISE. The materials challenges for specific types of qubits, along with how emerging nanomaterials may overcome these challenges, are identified. Challenges for and progress toward nanomaterials-based quantum devices are condidered. The overall aim of the review is to help close the gap between the nanotechnology and quantum information communities and inspire research that will lead to next-generation quantum devices for scalable and practical quantum applications.