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MOMENTO

El Premio Nobel de Física 2025 o la consolidación de la era cuántica macroscópica

Alvaro Mariño

Published Jan 20, 2026• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their discoveries of macroscopic quantum tunneling and the quantization of energy in electrical circuits.

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The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their foundational discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunneling and energy quantization in electrical circuits. The work that was honored was conducted primarily in the mid-1980s in John Clarke’s laboratory at the University of California—Berkeley, as described in two articles in Physical Review Letters [M. H. Devoret, J. M. Martinis, J. Clarke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 , 1908–1911 (1985); J. M. Martinis, M. H. Devoret, J. Clarke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 , 1543–1546 (1985)]. This work effectively bridged the gap between the microscopic world of atoms and the macroscopic world of human-scale engineering.
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics recognizes a conceptual shift that has been more than a century in the making: the transition from observing quantum phenomena in materials to deliberately engineering quantum behaviour in macroscopic electrical circuits. Awarded to John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis, the prize honours the experimental demonstration and control of macroscopic quantum tunnelling and energy quantization in superconducting circuits. Their work resolved a long-standing question at the heart of quantum mechanics: can an object large enough to wire, probe, and manipulate behave as a single quantum system? The answer, now unequivocally, is yes.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2025 was awarded jointly to John Clarke，Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis “for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantization in an electric circuit”. Their landmark research validated the laws of quantum mechanics at the macroscopic scale，breaking the traditional notion that quantum behavior is confined to the microscopic realm. This breakthrough directly catalyzed the advent of superconducting quantum computing and has been hailed as “opening a door to quantum technologies.”
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2025 has been awarded to John Clarke, John Martinis, and Michel Devoret for "the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation in an electric circuit". Their achievements open up possibilities for developing the next generation of quantum technologies, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors. This article explains physical grounds of these discoveries and describes the role of earlier studies of weak superconductivity and macroscopic quantum systems by other scientists, highlighting the contribution of researchers from the B.I. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, who obtained pioneering results in this field. The paper includes short biographies of the Nobel laureates.