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Laser Physics

Relaxation of light-induced magnetization in rubidium vapor. Photon echo generation

Aleksandr Khanbekyan

Published Sep 21, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Using electromotive force (EMF) signals induced in a pickup coil, the relaxation of magnetization induced in rubidium atomic vapor under two-pulse nonresonant laser excitation has been investigated. The relaxation time of magnetization to its equilibrium value was found to depend on the vapor pressure and temperature. An EMF signal induced by photon echo generation was also experimentally recorded. The magnetic component of the detected signal was isolated from the accompanying electrical component using a differential transformer arrangement, confirming that the observed delayed microsecond signals originate from changes in the magnetic flux associated with the vapor.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/aea493

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Abstract Using electromotive force (EMF) signals induced in a pickup coil, the relaxation of magnetization induced in rubidium atomic vapor under two-pulse nonresonant laser excitation has been investigated. The relaxation time of magnetization to its equilibrium value was found to depend on the vapor pressure and temperature. An EMF signal induced by photon echo generation was also experimentally recorded. The magnetic component of the detected signal was isolated from the accompanying electrical component using a differential transformer arrangement, confirming that the observed delayed microsecond signals originate from changes in the magnetic flux associated with the vapor.
A time varying macroscopic magnetization of ruby is observed at room temperature by selectively exciting the Cr 3+ ions with a right- and a left circularly polarized light of a Q -switched ruby laser from one of the ground 4 A 2 multiplets to a proper component of the upper \bar E ( 2 E ) multiplets. Dependence of such a magnetization in the Z -direction on the irradiation power, the ellipticity and the magnetic field was measured with a pick-up coil. The signal had a value of 1.7×10 -4 emu/g at the irradiation of 67 mJ. The relaxation time of the ground state was estimated from the decay to be about 180 ns in zero magnetic field. The signal changed with the ellipticity of the exciting light, and the amplitude of the signal was always proportional to the intensity of the excitation. These experimental results were quantitatively explained by a theoretical analysis for the time varying optically induced magnetization.
Experiments are described in which a dilute ruby crystal is found to emit spontaneously a short pulse of light, the photon echo, at a time $\ensuremath{\approx}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$ after irradiation by two successive ruby-laser pulses separated by ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$. The phenomenon is explained in terms of a macroscopic oscillating electric dipole moment, which is momentarily reformed at the time the photon echo is observed. The analysis predicts the echo polarization as well as the propagation direction relative to the input pulses. A necessary condition for obtaining echoes in ruby is the application of a moderate magnetic field close to the optic axis of the crystal, and a simple model based on Cr3+{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}Cr3+-Al interactions is offered to account for this magnetic-field behavior. The relaxation time of the echo is found to exceed 250 nsec at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K but to be less than 70 nsec at 14\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and is thought to be due to phonon-induced transitions in the excited 2E(E‾)^{2}E(\overline{E})2E(E) level. Multiple echo formation is also described.
Polarization of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) at the 0 ↔ 1 transition in ytterbium vapors in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field of 0–40 G is experimentally and theoretically studied. The SPE is generated using three light pulses with identical linear polarizations, so that the SPE polarization is the same at zero magnetic field. In the presence of a weak magnetic field, the SPE polarization vector rotates around the magnetic field vector and the depolarization of the SPE signal takes place. Each of the SPE polarization components exhibits biharmonic oscillations depending on the magnetic field. In the presence of a strong magnetic field, these oscillations vanish and the SPE becomes depolarized. The experimental data are in qualitative agreement with the results of the numerical calculations performed with the method of the evolution operator for the finite-duration excitation pulses. The application of the results for the processing of optical data is discussed.