Laser Physics Letters

Dissipation-assisted steady-state entanglement preparation in a hybrid quantum system

Zhao Jin, Jia-Xu Liu, Bayaer Buren, Yanan Zhang, Tong-Rui Cui, Chuan-Jie Liang, Xue‐Si Li, Zhong-Ju Liu

Published Sep 1, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

Abstract Hybrid quantum systems that integrate complementary advantages of different physical platforms provide a new pathway toward large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum information processing. In this work, we theoretically investigate a hybrid system consisting of a Rydberg atom, a piezoelectric nanomechanical resonator, and a superconducting qubit, aiming to achieve high-fidelity steady-state entanglement. In this scheme, the nanomechanical resonator acts as a quantum bus, resonantly coupling to the superconducting qubit via the piezoelectric effect and to the Rydberg atom via the electric dipole interaction. Under the strong-coupling condition, we introduce a dressed-state transformation to analyze the eigenenergy structure of the system. By properly controlling the laser driving fields, the otherwise detrimental dissipation processes are turned into a crucial resource for entanglement preparation. Numerical simulations show that under optimal parameters the fidelity of the target state can reach above 98 % , and the scheme exhibits strong robustness against fluctuations in the driving field strengths and against spontaneous emission noise. This study provides a feasible theoretical approach and technical reference for cross-platform quantum interfaces, distributed quantum computing, and dissipation-assisted quantum state engineering.

DOI: 10.1088/1612-202x/aea495

Related papers

Engineering steady-state entanglement via dissipation in coupled cavities

Zhao Jin, Shi‐Lei Su, Ai‐Dong Zhu +2 more

Abstract We present a scheme for the dissipative preparation of an entangled steady state between two atomic qubits separately trapped in the coupled cavities. The combination of coherent driving fields and dissipative processes will drive the system into a steady state. By choosing different frequency of classical laser field, the target steady state can be generated in different ways. In our scheme, the atomic spontaneous emission and the cavity decay can be used as a prerequisite. The numerical simulation shows that the maximally entangled state with high fidelity and purity can be produced regardless of the initial state. The fidelity is insensitive to the fluctuation of the system parameters.

Laser Physics LettersApr 3, 20173 citations

Dissipative entanglement preparation via Rydberg antiblockade and Lyapunov control

Zong-Xing Ding, Chang-Sheng Hu, Li-Tuo Shen +3 more

Abstract Preparation of entangled steady states via dissipation and pumping in Rydberg atoms has been recently found to be useful for quantum information processing. The driven-dissipative dynamics is closely related to the natural linewidth of the Rydberg states and can be usually modulated by engineering the thermal reservior. Instead of modifying the effectively radiative decay, we propose an alternatively optimized scheme, which combines the resonant Rydberg antiblockade excitation and the Lyapunov control of the ground states to speed up the prepration of the singlet state for two interacting Rydberg atoms. The acceleration process strongly depends on the initial state of the system with respect to the initial coherence between the singlet state and decoherence-sensitive bright state. We study the optimal parameter regime for fast entanglement preparation and the robustness of the fidelity against random noises. The numerical results show that a fidelity above 0.99 can be achieved around 0.4 ms with the current experimental parameters. The scheme may be generalized for preparation of more complicate multi-atom entangled states.

arXiv:1811.11126Laser Physics LettersMar 22, 20198 citations

Experimental setup for a Rydberg atom-mechanical oscillator hybrid system

Cedric Wind

Hybrid quantum systems provide a promising route toward combining the complementary strengths of distinct physical platforms for quantum information processing. In this context, highly excited Rydberg atoms are particularly attractive due to their strong electric dipole moments, long lifetimes, and compatibility with both optical and microwave frequency regimes. Mechanical resonators, on the other hand, offer long coherence times and the ability to store quantum information in macroscopic degrees of freedom. In this thesis, the development of a novel hybrid platform interfacing ultracold Rydberg atoms with high-overtone bulk acoustic wave resonators (HBARs) in a cryogenic environment is presented. The core components of the experimental apparatus have been designed, assembled, and characterized, including a room-temperature realization featuring the complete cold-atom preparation chain. A first-generation superconducting atom chip for trapping ultracold atoms in a cryogenic environment has been designed and fabricated, establishing the foundation for future experiments under cryogenic conditions. The full experimental realization of the hybrid system, including the integration of the mechanical resonator, was delayed by the delivery of a custom-built cryostat. Nevertheless, the preparation of the cryogenic experiment has been completed, enabling rapid progress toward first experiments once cryogenic operation becomes available. At an operating temperature of 4 K, thermal phonon occupation of HBAR modes is significantly reduced compared to room temperature but remains above the quantum ground state, motivating the development of active cooling strategies. Complementing the experimental work, the feasibility of cooling a mechanical mode toward its quantum mechanical ground state using a cloud of Rydberg atoms is investigated theoretically. In this approach, Rydberg atoms act as a dissipative resource that extracts phononic excitations from the mechanical resonator and removes them via radiative decay. Furthermore, the potential of Rydberg atom-mediated interactions to generate entanglement between spatially separated mechanical oscillators is analyzed. Together, these results establish a foundation for future experimental investigations of Rydberg atom–mechanical oscillator hybrid systems.

Apr 10, 20260 citations

Steady-state entanglement of two superconducting qubits engineered by dissipation

Florentin Reiter, Lars Tornberg, Göran Johansson +1 more

We present a scheme for the dissipative preparation of an entangled steady state of two superconducting qubits in a circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) setup. Combining resonator photon loss---a dissipative process already present in the setup---with an effective two-photon microwave drive, we engineer an effective decay mechanism which prepares a maximally entangled state of the two qubits. This state is then maintained as the steady state of the driven, dissipative evolution. The performance of the dissipative state preparation protocol is studied analytically and verified numerically. In view of the experimental implementation of the presented scheme we investigate the effects of potential experimental imperfections and show that our scheme is robust to small deviations in the parameters. We find that high fidelities with the target state can be achieved both with state-of-the-art three-dimensional, as well as with the more commonly used two-dimensional transmons. The promising results of our study thus open a route for the demonstration of a highly entangled steady state in circuit QED.

arXiv:1304.0746Physical Review ASep 16, 201379 citations

Coupling Rydberg atoms to superconducting qubits via nanomechanical resonator

Ming Gao, Yu-xi Liu, Xiang‐Bin Wang

We propose a hybrid system to realize long information storage and fast quantum operation via Rydberg atoms and superconducting qubits (SCQs). The internal states of a Rydberg atom are coupled to a nanomechanical resonator. The atom-resonator coupling is achieved via an electric field generated by the quantized motions of the resonator and temporarily exciting the atom to Rydberg states. The coupling can be made large enough to allow quantum manipulation and measurement of the resonator via the atom. The resonator can also be coupled to a SCQ, and therefore the tripartite system can provide a quantum interface between the SCQ and the atom via the nanomechanical resonator.

Physical Review AFeb 11, 201122 citations

Fast dissipative preparation of three-dimensional entangled states for two Rydberg atoms via Lyapunov control

Zong-Xing Ding, Chang‐Sheng Hu, Li-Tuo Shen +3 more

Abstract By using the Lyapunov control approach—an optimization algorithm, we propose a dissipative scheme for efficiently preparing the three-dimensional entangled state of two Rydberg atoms, which subject to Rydberg–Rydberg interactions at the antiblockade regime. The steady target state is the unique dark state of the two-atom system, and is achieved with high fidelity under the Rydberg pumping and the atomic spontaneous emission. The time required to settle into the high-fidelity steady state is greatly accelerated by the help of Lyapunov control, which takes effects while the system is initially prepared in the states containing coherence between the dark state and decoherence-sensitive bright states. The numerical results show that a fidelity of the steady three-dimensional entangled state above 0.99 can be achieved around 2.2 ms with the current experimental conditions. We study in detail the optimal control parameters and show the robustness of the scheme against random noises. The scheme may be generalized for preparation of more complicate multi-atom entangled states.

Laser Physics LettersJan 25, 20212 citations