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Physical Review A

Coupling Rydberg atoms to superconducting qubits via nanomechanical resonator

Ming Gao, Yu-xi Liu, Xiang‐Bin Wang

Published Feb 11, 2011• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a hybrid system to realize long information storage and fast quantum operation via Rydberg atoms and superconducting qubits (SCQs). The internal states of a Rydberg atom are coupled to a nanomechanical resonator. The atom-resonator coupling is achieved via an electric field generated by the quantized motions of the resonator and temporarily exciting the atom to Rydberg states. The coupling can be made large enough to allow quantum manipulation and measurement of the resonator via the atom. The resonator can also be coupled to a SCQ, and therefore the tripartite system can provide a quantum interface between the SCQ and the atom via the nanomechanical resonator.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.022309

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We propose a hybrid system to realize long information storage and fast quantum operation via Rydberg atoms and superconducting qubits (SCQs). The internal states of a Rydberg atom are coupled to a nanomechanical resonator. The atom-resonator coupling is achieved via an electric field generated by the quantized motions of the resonator and temporarily exciting the atom to Rydberg states. The coupling can be made large enough to allow quantum manipulation and measurement of the resonator via the atom. The resonator can also be coupled to a SCQ, and therefore the tripartite system can provide a quantum interface between the SCQ and the atom via the nanomechanical resonator.
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Abstract We propose a hybrid quantum system where an LC resonator inductively interacts with a flux qubit and is capacitively coupled to a Rydberg atom. Varying the external magnetic flux bias controls the flux qubit flipping and the flux qubit-resonator interface. The atomic spectrum is tuned via an electrostatic field, manipulating the qubit-state transition of atom and the atom-resonator coupling. Different types of entanglement of superconducting, photonic and atomic qubits can be prepared via simply tuning the flux bias and electrostatic field, leading to the implementation of three-qubit Toffoli logic gate.
Atomic-superconducting hybrid systems are of particular interest as they are combining the long coherence times of ultracold atoms and fast gate operation times of superconducting circuits. Here we discuss an experimental realization of an interface between cold Rydberg atoms and a transmon circuit embedded in a microwave cavity. We present numerical calculations showing a significant coupling of Rydberg atoms to a transmon. Here we place the atoms in the vicinity of the transmon shunting capacitor. Exciting them to the Rydberg states alters the dielectric constant of the medium inside the capacitor. This results in a dispersive shift of the transmon resonance frequency. Using the protocols developed in Ref. 1, 2 will allow the coherent transfer of quantum states between these two systems.
We investigate the hybrid quantum system of a superconducting flux qubit, a single electronic spin associated with a negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond, and a high-quality magnetized nanomechanical resonator (NAMR). It is shown that the quantized motion of the NAMR can strongly couple to both the NV spin and the flux qubit. We estimate that the coupling strength of the NAMR to both the NV spin and the flux qubit can be about 2 π × 100 kHz, which is one order of magnitude larger than direct spin–qubit coupling. This enables the quantum state transfer to be faster and more robust against decoherence. The present work may provide an appealing way for quantum information processing based on hybrid solid-state quantum systems.
Abstract We analyze the quantum information processing capability of a superconducting transmon circuit used to mediate interactions between quantum information stored in a collection of phononic crystal cavity resonators. Having only a single processing element to be controlled externally makes this approach significantly less hardware-intensive than traditional architectures with individual control of each qubit. Moreover, when compared with the commonly considered alternative approach using coplanar waveguide or 3d cavity microwave resonators for storage, the nanomechanical resonators offer both very long lifetime and small size—two conflicting requirements for microwave resonators. A detailed gate error analysis leads to an optimal value for the qubit-resonator coupling rate as a function of the number of mechanical resonators in the system. For a given set of system parameters, a specific amount of coupling and number of resonators is found to optimize the quantum volume, an approximate measure for the computational capacity of a system. We see this volume is higher in the proposed hybrid nanomechanical architecture than in the competing on-chip electromagnetic approach.
We study a generalized coupling system between a superconducting qubit and two nanomechanical resonators. When the eigenfrequency of the superconducting qubit is twice the frequency of the resonators, we show that one qubit is able to excite simultaneously two resonators. Moreover, tripartite and bipartite macroscopic entangled states are generated, respectively. We give conditions under which general tripartite and bipartite entangled nonorthogonal states become maximally entangled states. Under a large detuning condition, the coupling between two resonators is induced by a superconducting qubit. This coupling strength can be enhanced via a squeezing transformation.