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Fundamental characteristics of a laser pumped Rb atomic oscillator

Isao MATSUDA, Shizuo Yamaguchi, 林原, 毅, Takeshi HAYASHIBARA

Published Jan 1, 1987• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The operation of a Rb atomic oscillator optically pumped by semiconductor laser was investigated. The laser frequency was stabilized to the Rb D_1 line by using a Rb cell containing the natural Rb and the mixed gas of Argon and Nitrogen (Ar/N_2=1.25, 37 Torr). The optical-microwave double resonance signal was also obtained by the same cell. The microwave resonant frequency shifts due to the Power, the pumping frequency offset and the beam diameter of the pumping laser were measured.

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Measurement of the characteristics of the optical-microwave double-resonance effect of the /sup 87/Rb D/sub 1/ line for application as an atomic frequency standard

I Matsuda, S. Yamaguchi, Masao Suzuki

The OMDR (optical-microwave double resonance) spectrum of /sup 87/Rb with the aim of using a frequency-stabilized GaAs semiconductor laser instead of an Rb lamp as a pumping source in a gas-cell-type Rb frequency standard. Natural isotope /sup 87/Rb was sealed in a glass cell with buffer gases (Ar/N/sub 2/=1.2, total pressure=39 torr). The double resonance signal in the 5P/sub 1/2/(F=2) from 5S/sub 1/2/(F=1) transition appearing at the resonance to the F=2 from 1 hyperfine transition of the 5S/sub 1/2/ state was detected. The optimum operational cell temperature was 56 degrees C. The peak-to-peak frequency width of the atomic hyperfine resonance discriminator used to stabilize the microwave frequency shifts induced by detuning of the laser frequency, changes in the laser and microwave powers, and temperature drift of the cell were investigated.>

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jan 1, 1990•11 citations

Experiments on a semiconductor laser pumped rubidium atomic clock

Minoru Hashimoto, Motoichi Ohtsu

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the performances of a semiconductor laser pumped rubidium (87Rb) atomic clock. Two kinds of Rb gas cells were used and their performances were compared [gas cell A (natural rubidium (87Rb/85Rb =\frac{3}{7}) and buffer gases) and gas cell B (87Rb and buffer gases)]. The highest microwave frequency stabilities were estimated as3.4 \times 10^{-12} \tau^{-1/2}and2.7 \times 10^{-12} \tau^{-1/2}at the optimal gas cell temperatures of 60°C and 48°C for the gas cellsAandB, respectively (τ: integration time). The light shift, i.e., microwave frequency shift induced by laser light, was measured as -0.50 Hz/MHz and -0.11 Hz/MHz for the gas cellsAandBat their optimal operating conditions given above. As an improved experiment by utilizing high temporal coherence of the laser, a novel double resonance spectral line shape with a drastically narrower linewidth was demonstrated. A technique, similar to FM laser spectroscopy, was employed for this purpose by utilizing laser FM sidebands which are induced by microwave frequency modulation and nonlinear susceptibility of three-level87Rb atoms. The minimum linewidth obtained was 20 Hz, which can be used as a sensitive frequency discriminator for an improved87Rb atomic clock.

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Apr 1, 1987•61 citations

Analysis of the light shift in a Rb atomic clock pumped by detuned laser

勲 松田, 静夫 山口, Isao Matsuda +1 more

ln recent years, laser pumped Rb atomic clocks have been numerously studied and developed to reduce "light shift" and increase the accuracy and stability of the frequency. Previously, we reoorted on the measurement of the linewidths and S/N of the optical-microwave double resonance signal and the light shift in a Rb atomic clock pumped by a stabilized diode laser. In this paper, the light shift was numerically calculated by using the theory proposed by Cohen-Tannoudji & Barrat. Furthermore, contributions of the laser power and frequency detuning to the light shift were also estimated to attain the microwave frequency stability as high as 10^<-12>.

•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations

Experimental Study of the Laser Diode Pumped Rubidium Maser

A. Michaud, Pierre Tremblay, M. Têtu

We report the operation of a $^{87}$Rb maser in the self-oscillating mode, using a laser diode as the optical pumping source. The maser uses a TE$_{021}$ cavity surrounding a cell containing the atoms and 11 Torr of N$_{2}$ as the buffer gas. The optical pumping is accomplished by using a commercial laser diode frequency-locked on the linear absorption line of an external rubidium cell. The maser output power is maximized when the laser spectrum is spread by modulating its frequency through the variation of its injection current. The maser output power is also presented for various modulation waveforms and frequencies. We find that the spurious sidebands induced by the modulation can be minimized. Finally, the linear dependence between the laser and maser frequencies is shown. We find that the relative maser frequency pulling from the laser is about $4.6 \times 10^{-3}$.

arXiv:physics/0508227•Aug 31, 2005•0 citations

A laser optically-pumped Rubidium vapour-cell frequency standard using a DFB laser diode

C. Affolderbach, G. Mileti, Fabien Droz

A laser optically-pumped vapour-cell atomic frequency standard ("Rb clock") using a DFB laser diode as pump light source is presented. The Rb clock is based on probing the ground-state hyperfine "clock" transition at 6.8 GHz of atomic87Rb, by optical-microwave double-resonance technique. The frequency stability of the clock is measured.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 1, 2007•0 citations

Investigation of Rubidium Hyperfine Structure Frequency Stabilization Mechanisms.

T. McClelland, T. M. Kwon

The linewidth and frequency associated with the ground state hyperfine energy fo Rb 87 has been studied. A stable single mode semiconductor laser is used to optically pump Rb, in order to obtain a highly collimated, monochromatic light source. The laser is stabilized by locking its optical frequency to the Rb absorption line center. The dependence of the hyperfine frequency and resonance linewidth have been measured as a function of temperature, light intensity and microwave power; and a theoretical description of the linewidth vs. temperature data is presented. Keywords: Optical pumping; Rubidium; Frequency standard; Frequency shift; Light shift; Density matrix; Buffer gas; Linewidth; and Magnetic resonance.

•Aug 1, 1984•0 citations
The operation of a Rb atomic oscillator optically pumped by semiconductor laser was investigated. The laser frequency was stabilized to the Rb D_1 line by using a Rb cell containing the natural Rb and the mixed gas of Argon and Nitrogen (Ar/N_2=1.25, 37 Torr). The optical-microwave double resonance signal was also obtained by the same cell. The microwave resonant frequency shifts due to the Power, the pumping frequency offset and the beam diameter of the pumping laser were measured.
The OMDR (optical-microwave double resonance) spectrum of /sup 87/Rb with the aim of using a frequency-stabilized GaAs semiconductor laser instead of an Rb lamp as a pumping source in a gas-cell-type Rb frequency standard. Natural isotope /sup 87/Rb was sealed in a glass cell with buffer gases (Ar/N/sub 2/=1.2, total pressure=39 torr). The double resonance signal in the 5P/sub 1/2/(F=2) from 5S/sub 1/2/(F=1) transition appearing at the resonance to the F=2 from 1 hyperfine transition of the 5S/sub 1/2/ state was detected. The optimum operational cell temperature was 56 degrees C. The peak-to-peak frequency width of the atomic hyperfine resonance discriminator used to stabilize the microwave frequency shifts induced by detuning of the laser frequency, changes in the laser and microwave powers, and temperature drift of the cell were investigated.>
Experiments were carried out to evaluate the performances of a semiconductor laser pumped rubidium (87Rb) atomic clock. Two kinds of Rb gas cells were used and their performances were compared [gas cell A (natural rubidium (87Rb/85Rb =\frac{3}{7}) and buffer gases) and gas cell B (87Rb and buffer gases)]. The highest microwave frequency stabilities were estimated as3.4 \times 10^{-12} \tau^{-1/2}and2.7 \times 10^{-12} \tau^{-1/2}at the optimal gas cell temperatures of 60°C and 48°C for the gas cellsAandB, respectively (τ: integration time). The light shift, i.e., microwave frequency shift induced by laser light, was measured as -0.50 Hz/MHz and -0.11 Hz/MHz for the gas cellsAandBat their optimal operating conditions given above. As an improved experiment by utilizing high temporal coherence of the laser, a novel double resonance spectral line shape with a drastically narrower linewidth was demonstrated. A technique, similar to FM laser spectroscopy, was employed for this purpose by utilizing laser FM sidebands which are induced by microwave frequency modulation and nonlinear susceptibility of three-level87Rb atoms. The minimum linewidth obtained was 20 Hz, which can be used as a sensitive frequency discriminator for an improved87Rb atomic clock.
ln recent years, laser pumped Rb atomic clocks have been numerously studied and developed to reduce "light shift" and increase the accuracy and stability of the frequency. Previously, we reoorted on the measurement of the linewidths and S/N of the optical-microwave double resonance signal and the light shift in a Rb atomic clock pumped by a stabilized diode laser. In this paper, the light shift was numerically calculated by using the theory proposed by Cohen-Tannoudji & Barrat. Furthermore, contributions of the laser power and frequency detuning to the light shift were also estimated to attain the microwave frequency stability as high as 10^<-12>.
We report the operation of a 87^{87}87Rb maser in the self-oscillating mode, using a laser diode as the optical pumping source. The maser uses a TE021_{021}021​ cavity surrounding a cell containing the atoms and 11 Torr of N2_{2}2​ as the buffer gas. The optical pumping is accomplished by using a commercial laser diode frequency-locked on the linear absorption line of an external rubidium cell. The maser output power is maximized when the laser spectrum is spread by modulating its frequency through the variation of its injection current. The maser output power is also presented for various modulation waveforms and frequencies. We find that the spurious sidebands induced by the modulation can be minimized. Finally, the linear dependence between the laser and maser frequencies is shown. We find that the relative maser frequency pulling from the laser is about 4.6×10−34.6 \times 10^{-3}4.6×10−3.
The linewidth and frequency associated with the ground state hyperfine energy fo Rb 87 has been studied. A stable single mode semiconductor laser is used to optically pump Rb, in order to obtain a highly collimated, monochromatic light source. The laser is stabilized by locking its optical frequency to the Rb absorption line center. The dependence of the hyperfine frequency and resonance linewidth have been measured as a function of temperature, light intensity and microwave power; and a theoretical description of the linewidth vs. temperature data is presented. Keywords: Optical pumping; Rubidium; Frequency standard; Frequency shift; Light shift; Density matrix; Buffer gas; Linewidth; and Magnetic resonance.