Quantum Communication Protocol Key Agreement Security Analysis

Jincheng Zhang

Published Sep 2, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

This paper investigates the security vulnerabilities within quantum communication protocols focused on key agreement. Specifically, we analyze the Bell state measurement (BSM) protocol and its variations, examining the potential for eavesdropping attacks and compromised key generation. Our analysis utilizes concepts from quantum information theory, including quantum entropy, quantum mutual information, and the density operators describing the quantum states involved. We identify critical weaknesses related to the measurement process and propose modifications to enhance security. The primary focus is on quantifying the information leakage during the BSM process and demonstrating how a sophisticated adversary can exploit this leakage to gain knowledge about the shared key. The proposed improvements involve introducing redundancy in the measurement process and employing post-processing techniques to mitigate the impact of eavesdropping. The goal is to provide a foundational understanding of the security challenges inherent in quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols and to offer practical strategies for building more robust systems.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22245710

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