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Inexistence of Wave-Particle Duality: It's not Duality. It's Entangled Nature Theory

DR. ZULFIQAR ALI KHAN

Published Aug 26, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

AbstractWe show inexistence of classical wave-particle duality. We propose Entangled NatureTheory with three natures:Z1 = Particle (Probabilistic, Entangled),Z2 = Wave (Probabilistic, Entangled),Z3 = FORCE (Deterministic, Prediction State).Two natures are entangled: if one exists, other is inexistence. Three natures areNOT entangled. Force is the deterministic boss in Prediction State that controls trans-formation via mass of information η. We prove P ∩ W = ∅ and P ∪ W = f (Z3). Thisopens new area of research: Wave-Particle-Force with 1 deterministic in Prediction State+ 2 probabilistic entangled natures.Keywords: Entangled Nature Theory, Prediction State, Deterministic Force

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.22114383

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AbstractWe show inexistence of classical wave-particle duality. We propose Entangled NatureTheory with three natures:Z1 = Particle (Probabilistic, Entangled),Z2 = Wave (Probabilistic, Entangled),Z3 = FORCE (Deterministic, Prediction State).Two natures are entangled: if one exists, other is inexistence. Three natures areNOT entangled. Force is the deterministic boss in Prediction State that controls trans-formation via mass of information η. We prove P ∩ W = ∅ and P ∪ W = f (Z3). Thisopens new area of research: Wave-Particle-Force with 1 deterministic in Prediction State+ 2 probabilistic entangled natures.Keywords: Entangled Nature Theory, Prediction State, Deterministic Force
AbstractWe show inexistence of classical wave-particle duality. We propose Entangled NatureTheory with three natures:Z1 = Particle (Probabilistic, Entangled),Z2 = Wave (Probabilistic, Entangled),Z3 = FORCE (Deterministic, Prediction State).Two natures are entangled: if one exists, other is inexistence. Three natures areNOT entangled. Force is the deterministic boss in Prediction State that controls trans-formation via mass of information η. We prove P ∩ W = ∅ and P ∪ W = f (Z3). Thisopens new area of research: Wave-Particle-Force with 1 deterministic in Prediction State+ 2 probabilistic entangled natures.Keywords: Entangled Nature Theory, Prediction State, Deterministic Force
AbstractWe show inexistence of classical wave-particle duality. We propose Entangled NatureTheory with three natures:Z1 = Particle (Probabilistic, Entangled),Z2 = Wave (Probabilistic, Entangled),Z3 = FORCE (Deterministic, Prediction State).Two natures are entangled: if one exists, other is inexistence. Three natures areNOT entangled. Force is the deterministic boss in Prediction State that controls trans-formation via mass of information η. We prove P ∩ W = ∅ and P ∪ W = f (Z3). Thisopens new area of research: Wave-Particle-Force with 1 deterministic in Prediction State+ 2 probabilistic entangled natures.
Wave-particle duality is the most fundamental description of the nature of a quantum object, which behaves like a classical particle or wave depending on the measurement apparatus. On the other hand, entanglement represents nonclassical correlations of composite quantum systems, being also a key resource in quantum information. Despite the very recent observations of wave-particle superposition and entanglement, whether these two fundamental traits of quantum mechanics can emerge simultaneously remains an open issue. Here we introduce and experimentally realize a scheme that deterministically generates entanglement between the wave and particle states of two photons. The elementary tool allowing this achievement is a scalable single-photon setup which can be in principle extended to generate multiphoton wave-particle entanglement. Our study reveals that photons can be entangled in their dual wave-particle behavior and opens the way to potential applications in quantum information protocols exploiting the wave-particle degrees of freedom to encode qubits.Here the authors experimentally realize a scheme that deterministically generates entanglement between the wave and particle states of two photons using a scalable all-optical scheme. They achieve this result by first showing generation of controllable single-photon wave-particle superposition states.
One of the most puzzling consequences of interpreting quantum mechanics in terms of concepts borrowed from classical physics, is the so-called wave-particle duality. Usually, wave-particle duality is illustrated in terms of complementarity between path distinguishability and fringe visibility in interference experiments. In this work, we instead propose a new type of complementarity, that between the continuous nature of waves and the discrete character of particles. Using the probabilistic methods of quantum field theory, we show that the simultaneous measurement of the wave amplitude and the number of photons in the same beam of light is, under certain circumstances, prohibited by the laws of quantum mechanics. Our results suggest that the concept of “interferometric duality'' could be eventually replaced by the more general one of “continuous-discrete duality''.
Quantum theory reveals astonishing and counterintuitive phenomena not found in classical physics, such as wave-particle duality, where entities like electrons and photons exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behaviors. In this paper, we leverage advancements in quantum information science to gain new insights into this phenomenon. We specifically examine negative conditional entropy in quantum entanglement, where the selection of the measurement basis appears to ripple backward in time, akin to Dirac's model of an infinite sea of negative energy states filled with electrons, where holes in this sea appear as positrons. We propose that an observer's knowledge of the measurement choice, analogous to a hole in the negative information sea, corresponds to the wave aspect of the system, while the classical outcome aligns with its particle nature. This exploration of the relationship between microscopic quantum phenomena and macroscopic observations offers new perspectives on the mind-matter duality.