Abstract This paper proposes a hybrid bidirectional quantum communication protocol, in which two parties simultaneously transmit two-qubit states: one via quantum teleportation (QT) and the other via remote state preparation (RSP). This approach establishes a more flexible model for bidirectional quantum communication. The protocol utilizes a specially designed maximally entangled quantum channel to enable hybrid bidirectional communication. By performing Bell measurements, joint projective measurements, and corresponding unitary operations, quantum teleportation from Alice to Bob and remote state preparation from Bob to Alice can be accomplished synchronously. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed protocol is evaluated under three typical noisy environments, namely the amplitude damping (AD) channel, phase damping(PD) channel and the depolarizing (DP) channel. The proposed protocol provides a novel framework for effcient bidirectional quantum communication, with potential advantages in enhancing interactivity and optimizing resource utilization in future quantum networks.
Abstract This paper proposes a hybrid bidirectional quantum communication protocol, in which two parties simultaneously transmit two-qubit states: one via quantum teleportation (QT) and the other via remote state preparation (RSP). This approach establishes a more flexible model for bidirectional quantum communication. The protocol utilizes a specially designed maximally entangled quantum channel to enable hybrid bidirectional communication. By performing Bell measurements, joint projective measurements, and corresponding unitary operations, quantum teleportation from Alice to Bob and remote state preparation from Bob to Alice can be accomplished synchronously. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed protocol is evaluated under three typical noisy environments, namely the amplitude damping (AD) channel, phase damping(PD) channel and the depolarizing (DP) channel. The proposed protocol provides a novel framework for effcient bidirectional quantum communication, with potential advantages in enhancing interactivity and optimizing resource utilization in future quantum networks.
Abstract In this paper, we develop a quantum communication protocol for the simultaneous preparation of a two-qubit and a three-qubit state at the positions of two different parties situated spatially apart. For one party, Alice, it is a remote state preparation of a known two-qubit state while for the other party, Bob, it is a joint remote state preparation with the help of a third party, Eve. The protocol is executed in a hybrid form bi-directionally in the presence of two controllers, Charlie and David. There is a hierarchy in the process through different levels of control under which the actions by Alice and Bob are performed. There is a need for a ten-qubit entangled channel connecting the five parties. The generation of this channel through a circuit is discussed. The protocol is executed on the IBM Quantum platform. We also study the effect of noise on our protocol. Here, amplitude-damping, bit-flip and phase-flip noisy environments are considered and the corresponding variations of fidelity are theoretically and numerically analyzed.
Abstract We present a novel scheme for hybrid bidirectional controlled quantum communication (HBCQC) using a nine-qubit entangled state as the quantum channel. In this scheme, the two remote parties, Alice and Bob, act as both senders and receivers. Alice seeks to teleport an unknown single-qubit state to Bob; simultaneously, Bob intends to assist Alice in remotely preparing an arbitrary tripartite three-qubit entangled state. It is shown that the HBCQC can be completed successfully only if the two senders and the controller collaborate with one another. This scheme is well-suited for heterogeneous and uncoordinated quantum networks, and it advances both their practical implementation and theoretical foundations.
In this paper, a scheme for cyclic hybrid double-channel quantum communication is proposed by using the product state of three Bell states and three Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states as the quantum channel. It shows that Alice teleports a single-qubit state to Bob and prepares a single-qubit state for Charlie, Bob teleports a single-qubit state to Charlie and prepares a single-qubit state for Alice, while Charlie teleports a single-qubit state to Alice and prepares a single-qubit state for Bob. The quantum channel is constructed by using Hadamard (H) and Controlled-NOT (CNOT) operations. Participants reconstruct the desired states by performing Bell-state measurements, single-qubit measurements, and unitary transformations. Compared with existing schemes, this new scheme improves the efficiency and capacity of quantum communication because it constructs a cyclic and bidirectional quantum communication and simultaneously supports two communication protocols, quantum teleportation and remote state preparation. Only single-qubit measurements, two-qubit measurements, and basic unitary transformations are utilized in the scheme, so our operation complexity is lower than others. Thus, the scheme is likely to be implemented through physical experiments in the future. Besides this, we discuss the impact of noisy environments (amplitude-damping, phase-damping noise, bit-flip noise, and phase-flip noise) in the scheme and calculate the fidelities of the output states. It is demonstrated that the fidelities only depend on the coefficients of the initial state and the decoherence rate.
In this paper, a theoretical scheme for bidirectional quantum teleportation by using a four-qubit GHZ state and two Bell states as a quantum channel is proposed. In this scheme, two arbitrary single-qubit quantum states and an unknown three-qubit state can be mutually transmitted between the two communication participants Alice and Bob. The quantum state information can be transmitted if Alice performs four single-qubit measurement operations on her qubits and Bob carries out a four-qubit joint measurement on his qubits, respectively. Then both Alice and Bob can reconstruct the target quantum state by means of appropriate unitary operations. Then we take comparisons with the other bidirectional quantum teleportation protocols in five aspects of quantum information bits transmitted, necessary operations, consumption of quantum resource, consumption of classical resource and intrinsic efficiency. Furthermore, we use channel authentication method to ensure the channel security and prove that our protocol can withstand four attack scenarios. It is concluded that our scheme has significant advantages of more qubits number transmitted, higher intrinsic efficiency and high security.
A new concept of bidirectional quantum operation teleportation (BQOT) is proposed, which is essentially a union of the idea of quantum operation teleportation (QOT) and bidirectional quantum teleportation (QT). This means that Alice can transmit an unknown single-qubit unitary operation [Formula: see text] on the remote Bob’s quantum system; and at the same time, Bob can also transmit an arbitrary single-qubit unitary operation [Formula: see text] on Alice’s quantum system. In this paper, we present three BQOT schemes via different quantum channels. Furthermore, using these quantum channels, we investigate the BQOT in noisy environments, such as phase-damping noise and amplitude-damping noise. We considered the influence of the noises on the process of these three BQOT protocols through analytical derivation of the fidelity. Moreover, these three schemes are amply compared with each other from five aspects, i.e. quantum resource consumption, operation complexity, classical resource consumption, success probability and efficiency. It is found that these schemes can be realized deterministically and the first scheme is better than the other two schemes.
Abstract Hybrid quantum communication with the combination of quantum teleportation and remote preparation is hopeful for promoting the development of quantum networks and enriching the diversity of quantum network communication. To improve the communication efficiency and enhance the scalability of the quantum networks, a meaningful protocol for controlled cyclic and bidirectional hybrid quantum communication of arbitrary two‐qubit states is proposed, which allows quantum information to be transmitted simultaneously in both directions among multiple participants. With the permission of one controller, each observer can simultaneously transmit arbitrary known two‐qubit states and unknown ones to their adjacent observers, by implementing remote preparation and quantum teleportation in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Furthermore, the participants just carry out some quantum measurements and recovery operations to achieve the communication target, and the desired states can be attained with a unit success probability, thus the protocol is deterministic. Finally, some comparisons are also made with other similar protocols, which shows that the protocol is better in qubit efficiency and communication capacity.